Xishi Liu

To test the hypothesis that the lesional stiffness as measured by transvaginal elastosonography (TVESG) correlates with the extent of fibrosis in adenomyotic (AM) lesions, and thus TVESG can be used to diagnose AM, we conducted 2 studies. T…

EZH2, a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzing trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27), induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers. However, whether EZH2 regulates EMT in endometriosis is uncle…

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder with an enigmatic etiology and pathogenesis. It affects approximately 10% women of reproductive age. Although its etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood, it is characterize…

Ovarian endometrioma (OMA) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) have long been recognized to have different histology and, as such, postulated to be 2 separate disease entities. Few studies, however, have attempted to elucidate the cau…

BACKGROUND Adenomyosis, defined as the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, is a common gynecological disorder. In the present study we report on the effect of leonurine on ICR mice with adenomyosis induced by neon…

STUDY QUESTION: Do platelets have any role in the reduced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Platelets impair NK cell reactivity and function in endometriosis through multiple mechanisms. WHAT IS K…

Adenomyosis is a common gynecologic disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. The present study investigated the effect of quercetin in neonatal Imprinting Control Region mice with tamoxi…

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BACKGROUND: Recently emerging evidence indicates that endometriotic lesions are wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), and platelets induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdif…

In light of recent findings showing that platelets play important roles in the development of endometriosis in general and in fibrogenesis in particular, this study investigated the efficacy of Ozagrel, a TXA2 synthase inhibitor, in a murin…

STUDY QUESTION: Does chronic stress in mice accelerate the development of endometriosis, and, if so, through what mechanism? SUMMARY ANSWER: Exposure to chronic stress accelerates the development of endometriosis and exacerbates the endome…

STUDY QUESTION: Do platelets play any role in the development of adenomyosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: As in endometriosis, adenomyotic lesions show significantly increased platelet aggregation, increased expression of transforming growth factor (T…

Platelets have been recently revealed to play important roles in the development of endometriosis. However, it is unclear whether endometriotic lesions can secrete any platelet inducers outside the menstruation window. Hence, this study was…

Hyperinnervation in endometriosis is now well documented, but so far only a few neurotrophins have been identified. Since endometriotic stromal cells secrete thromboxane A2 (TXA2), we sought to determine whether TXA2, derived from endometri…

In an effort to search for novel therapeutics for adenomyosis, we sought to determine whether treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) would suppress the myometrial infiltration, improve pain behavior, lower stress level, and reduce…

One of major objectives in treating endometriosis is to alleviate pain since dysmenorrhea and other types of pain top the list of complaints from women with endometriosis who seek medical attention. Indeed, endometriosis-associated pain (EA…

This study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that, due to gradual accumulation of dead erythrocytes and their ingested products resulting from repeated hemorrhage, older endometriomas (whitish in color) contain chocolate fluid with high…

STUDY QUESTION: Does platelet-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) have any role in the reduced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Platelet-derived TGF-β1 suppresses the express…

Smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM) and fibrotic tissues are frequently seen in endometriotic lesions, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of activated platelets in drivin…

We have recently shown that platelets drive smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM) and fibrogenesis in endometriosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT). To see whether this is …

Exposure to chronic stress before and well after the induction of endometriosis is reported to increase lesion sizes in rats, but it is unclear whether stress, exposed shortly after the induction of endometriosis, would also promote the dev…

BACKGROUND: Surgery is currently the mainstay treatment for solid tumors and many benign diseases, including endometriosis, and women tend to receive substantially more surgeries than men mainly because of gynecological and cosmetic surgeri…

Women tend to receive more surgical procedures than men. Our mouse study shows that surgical stress promotes the development of endometriosis. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that surgery increases the risk of endometriosis…

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that endometriosis is an epigenetic disease. Encouragingly, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases have been shown to be promising targets by numerous in vitro studies. However, only a…