n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Exposure Promotes Lesion Survival in a Murine Endometriosis Model

Pooja Sharma, Jo-Yu Lynn Lee, Eing-Mei Tsai, Eing‐Mei Tsai, Yu Chang, Jau‐Ling Suen
International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021 · vol. 18(7) , pp. 3640 · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073640 · PMID:33807420 · W3144516549
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n-Butyl benzyl phthalate exposure in mice increased endometriotic lesion survival by enhancing CD44 expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are crucial for lesion growth.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is an inflammatory and estrogen-dependent gynecological disease associated with exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors. n-Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a ubiquitous plasticizer, has weak estrogenic activity, and exposure to BBP is associated with endometriosis. We aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effect of BBP on endometriosis development. We previously established a surgery-induced endometriosis-like murine model. In the present study, we exposed those mice to BBP 10 days prior to surgery and 4 weeks after surgery at physiologically relevant doses to mimic human exposure. Chronic exposure to BBP did not promote the growth of endometriotic lesions; however, the lesion survival rate in BBP-treated mice did increase significantly compared with control mice. Multiparametric flow cytometry showed that BBP exposure did not affect the homeostasis of infiltrated immune subsets in lesions but did enhance CD44 (adhesion marker) expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Blocking CD44 interactions locally inhibited endometriotic lesion growth. Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that CD44 blocking inhibited pDC infiltration and reduced the frequency of CD44+ pDCs in endometriotic tissues. BBP also disrupted the estrus cycle in these mice. This study suggests that chronic exposure to low-dose BBP may promote survival of endometriotic tissue through CD44-expressing pDCs.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endocrine Disruptors Endometriosis Phthalic Acids Animals Female Humans Mice Plasticizers Plasticizers

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