Retrograde study of patients with adenomyosis at tertiary health centre, a spectrum from clinical presentation to its final diagnosis and treatment

Hemali Patel, Kishankumar Kanani, Ronak Bhankhar, Priya Dhameliya
In: International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2023 · vol. 12(4) , pp. 980–983 · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230798 · W4361305333
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This retrospective study reviewed 50 hysterectomy specimens, finding adenomyosis most prevalent in multiparous women aged 41-50, with clinical presentation being the best diagnostic tool prior to histopathological confirmation.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 · read from full text ⓘ

This retrospective study from a tertiary hospital reviewed hysterectomy specimen HPE reports and case records (June–November 2022) to examine clinical presentation, imaging findings, and outcomes for patients ultimately diagnosed with adenomyosis. Among 50 patients, most were 41–50 years old (60%), multiparous women had 92% incidence, and menstrual disturbances were common (62%), with dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia as frequent symptoms; fibroid (44%) and endometrial hyperplasia (32%) were also reported as associated findings. The study found that imaging detected adenomyosis in 36% of cases, which was lower than clinical diagnosis at 28%, and that diagnostic yield increased to 64% with gross specimen examination and to 100% with histopathological examination, with the authors concluding that clinical presentation and histopathology were the key modalities. This paper is centrally about adenomyosis — it focuses on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical findings versus imaging and confirms diagnosis via histopathology in a hysterectomy-based cohort.

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Abstract

Background: Adenomyosis is a disease where ectopic endometrial glands affect the muscular wall of the uterus. It is considered a specific entity in the PALM-COEIN FIGO (polyp; adenomyosis; leiomyoma; malignancy and hyperplasia; coagulopathy; ovulatory dysfunction; endometrial; iatrogenic; and not yet classified- International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics). Aims and objectives were to diagnose adenomyosis accurately with help of data of clinical findings and imaging modalities. Methods: It was a retrospective study done at tertiary hospital, Junagadh from June 2022 to November 2022. The HPE reports and case records of all the hysterectomy specimen were reviewed. Data regarding age, parity, symptoms, obstetric history, examinations, co-morbidities, investigation findings and treatment modalities were noted. They were tabulated and analysed. Results: Out of the 50 patients, 30 patients (60%) were in the age group of 41-50 years. The prevalence of adenomyosis in our study was only 6% in post-menopausal women when compared to the age group 41-50 years (60%). Multiparous women had 92% incidence of adenomyosis. 62% had menstrual disturbances. Dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia were the next common symptoms. Fibroid was the commonest associated pathology 44%. 32% had endometrial hyperplasia, whereas 68% had no pathology. Imaging picked up only 36% of cases contrary to 28% of clinical diagnosis and was raised to 64% with gross examination of specimen and 100% with HPE. Conclusions: Better modality to diagnose adenomyosis is clinical presentation. USG failed to diagnose all the cases. Gold standard modality is histopathological examination.
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Background

Adenomyosis is a disease where ectopic endometrial glands affect the muscular wall of the uterus. It is considered a specific entity in the PALM-COEIN FIGO (polyp; adenomyosis; leiomyoma; malignancy and hyperplasia; coagulopathy; ovulatory dysfunction; endometrial; iatrogenic; and not yet classified- International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics). Aims and objectives were to diagnose adenomyosis accurately with help of data of clinical findings and imaging modalities.

Methods

It was a retrospective study done at tertiary hospital, Junagadh from June 2022 to November 2022. The HPE reports and case records of all the hysterectomy specimen were reviewed. Data regarding age, parity, symptoms, obstetric history, examinations, co-morbidities, investigation findings and treatment modalities were noted. They were tabulated and analysed.

Results

Out of the 50 patients, 30 patients (60%) were in the age group of 41-50 years. The prevalence of adenomyosis in our study was only 6% in post-menopausal women when compared to the age group 41-50 years (60%). Multiparous women had 92% incidence of adenomyosis. 62% had menstrual disturbances. Dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia were the next common symptoms. Fibroid was the commonest associated pathology 44%. 32% had endometrial hyperplasia, whereas 68% had no pathology. Imaging picked up only 36% of cases contrary to 28% of clinical diagnosis and was raised to 64% with gross examination of specimen and 100% with HPE.

Conclusions

Better modality to diagnose adenomyosis is clinical presentation. USG failed to diagnose all the cases. Gold standard modality is histopathological examination. Metrics

References

Berek JS, Berek DL. Pelvic Pain and Dysmenorrhea. In: Berek and Novak’s Gynecology. 16th edn. Wolters Kluver; 2019:293. Levgur M. Diagnosis of adenomyosis: a review. J Reprod Med. 2007;52(3):177-93. Bird CC, McElin TW, Manalo-Estrella P. The elusive adenomyosis of the uterus- revisited. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972;112(5):583-93. Kitawai J. adenomyosis: the pathology of an oestrogen dependent disease. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;20:493-502. Taran FA, Wallwiener M, Kabashi D, Rothmund R, Rall K, Kraemer B, et al. Clinical characteristics indicating adenomyosis at the time of hysterectomy: a retrospective study in 291 patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(6):1571-6. Vercellin P, Vigano P. adenomyosis: epidemiological factors. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;20:465-77. Cullen TS. The distribution of adenomyomata containing uterine mucosa. Arch Surg. 1920;1(2):215-83. Azziz R. Adenomyosis: Current perspectives. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1989;16:221-35.

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adenomyosisdysmenorrheadyspareunia

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