Benign Diseases of the Uterus

Endovaginal ultrasonography (EVUS) remains the procedure of choice for initial evaluation of benign diseases of the female genital tract. When EVUS findings are indeterminate, further evaluation is typically performed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its excellent soft tissue differentiation, multiplanar capabilities, and absence of ionizing radiation. MRI is thus well suited for imaging women of reproductive age. It is used as a problem-solving tool in benign uterine disease — for example, uterine malformations, and adenomyosis, and to select appropriate candidates for therapies such as myomectomy and uterine artery embolization. It is also increasingly used in the pregnant patient for both fetal and maternal indications. The role of computed tomography (CT) is limited in the evaluation of benign disease of the female pelvis and is usually employed in an emergency situation, such as in an acute abdomen caused by ovarian torsion or pelvic inflammatory disease. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others

Smith-Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA et al (1998) Endovaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer and other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA 280:1510–7. Troiano RN, McCarthy SM (2004) Müllerian duct anomalies: imaging and clinical issues. Radiology 233:19–34. Behr SC, Coutier JL, Qayyum A (2012) Imaging of Müllerian duct anomalies. RadioGraphics 32:1619–1620. Li S, Qayyum A, Coakley FV, Hricak H (2000) Association of renal agenesis and müllerian duct anomalies. J Comput Assist Tomogr 24:829–834. Buttram VC Jr, Gibbons WE (1979) Müllerian anomalies: a proposed classification. (An analysis of 144 cases.) Fertil Steril 32:40–46. The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal occlusion, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies, müllerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions (1988). Fertil Steril 49:944–955. Mueller GC, Hussain HK, Smith YR et al (2007) Müllerian duct anomalies: comparison of MRI diagnosis and clinical diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:1294–1302. Jayasinghe Y, Rane A, Stalewski H, Grover S (2005) The presentation and early diagnosis of the rudimentary uterine horn. Obstet Gynecol 105:1456–1467. Pellerito JS, McCarthy SM, Doyle MB et al (1992) Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography. Radiology 183:795–800. Fedele L, Dorta M, Brioschi D et al (1989) Magnetic resonance evaluation of double uteri. Obstet Gynecol 74:844–847. Miller RJ, Breech LL (2008) Surgical correction of vaginal anomalies. Clin Obstet Gynecol 51:223–236. Rackow BW, Arici A (2007) Reproductive performance of women with müllerian anomalies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19:229–237. Propst AM, Hill JA 3rd (2000) Anatomic factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 18:341–350. Zreik TG, Troiano RN, Ghoussoub RA et al (1998) Myometrial tissue in uterine septa. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5:155–160. Chandler TM, Machan LS, Cooperberg PL et al (2009) Müllerian duct anomalies: from diagnosis to intervention. Br J Radiol 82:1034–1042. Tulandi T, Arronet GH, McInnes RA (1980) Arcuate and bicornuate uterine anomalies and infertility. Fertil Steril 34:362–364. Kaufman RH, Adam E, Binder GL, Gerthoffer E (1980) Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 137:299–308. Goldberg JM, Falcone T (1999) Effect of diethylstilbestrol on reproductive function. Fertil Steril 72:1–7. Sheth S, Hamper UM, Kurman RJ (1993) Thickened endometrium in the postmenopausal woman; sonographic-pathologic coorelation. Radiology 187:135–139. Grasel RP, Outwater EK, Siegelman ES et al (2000) Endometrial polyps: MR imaging features and distinction from endometrial carcinoma. Radiology 214:47–52. Hricak H, Tscholakoff D, Heinrichs L et al (1986) Uterine leiomyomas: correlation of MR histopathologic findings, and symptoms. Radiology 158:385–391. Cardozo ER, Clark D, Banks NK et al (2012) The estimated annual cost of uterine leiomyomata in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:21.e1–9. Jacobson GF, Shaber RE, Armstrong MA, Hung Y-Y (2007) Changes in rates of hysterectomy and uterine conserving procedures for treatment of uterine leiomyoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:601.e1–6. Jha RC, Ascher SM, Imaoka I, Spies JB (2000) Symptomatic fibroleiomyomata: MR imaging of the uterus before and after uterine artery embolization. Radiology 217:228–35. Nikolaidis PN, Siddiqi AH, Carr JC et al (2005) Incidence of nonviable leiomyomas on contrast material enhanced pelvic MR imaging in patients referred for uterine artery embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16:1465–1471. Kroencke TJ, Scheurig C, Poellinger A et al (2010) Uterine artery embolization for leiomyomas: percentage of infarction predicts clinical outcome. Radiology 255:834–841. Kitamura Y, Ascher SM, Cooper C et al (2005) Imaging manifestations of complications associated with uterine artery embolization. RadioGraphics 25:S119–32. Radeleff B, Eiers M, Bellemann N et al (2010) Expulsion of dominant submucosal fibroids after uterine artery embolization. Eur J Radiol 75:e57–63. Shah SH, Jagannathan JP, Krajewski K et al (2012) Uterine sarcoma: then and now. AJR Am J Roentgenol 199:213–223. Thomassin-Naggara, Dechoux S, Bonneau C et al (2013) How to differentiate benign from malignant myometrial tumors using MR imaging. Eur Radiol 23:2306–2314. Reinhold C, McCarthy S, Bret PM et al (1996) Diffuse adenomyosis: comparison of endovaginal US and MR imaging with histopathologic correlation. Radiology 199:151–158. Togashi K, Ozasa H, Konishi I et al (1989) Enlarged uterus: differentiation between adenomyosis and leiomyoma with MR imaging. Radiology 171:531–534. Mark AS, Hricak H, Heinrichs LW et al (1987) Adenomyosis and leiomyoma: differential diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology 163:527–529. Author information Authors and Affiliations Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2014 Springer-Verlag Italia About this chapter Cite this chapter Ascher, S., Reinhold, C. (2014). Benign Diseases of the Uterus. In: Hodler, J., von Schulthess, G.K., Kubik-Huch, R.A., Zollikofer, C.L. (eds) Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2014–2017. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_19 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5659-6_19 Publisher Name: Springer, Milano Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5658-9 Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5659-6 eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.