High Expression of High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Menstrual Blood: Implications for Endometriosis

Keiko Shimizu, Yasuhiko Kamada, Ai Sakamoto, Miwa Matsuda, Mikiya Nakatsuka, Yuji Hiramatsu
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2017 · vol. 24(11) , pp. 1532–1537 · doi:10.1177/1933719117692042 · PMID:29017437 · W2588069910
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 13 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were higher in menstrual blood and induced vascular endothelial growth factor in stromal cells, suggesting a role in endometriosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This study measured high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentrations in menstrual blood and compared them with serum and peritoneal fluid in 139 patients, including 84 with endometriosis and 55 nonendometriotic gynecologic controls. It assessed receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrium by immunohistochemistry and examined RAGE and VEGF mRNA responses in human endometriotic stromal cells treated with HMGB1 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HMGB1 was higher in menstrual blood than in serum or peritoneal fluid, and HMGB1 (alone or with LPS) increased VEGF production in stromal cells; RAGE was present in both normal and ectopic endometrial tissue. The paper’s key limitation is that its mechanistic experiments rely on in vitro stimulation rather than direct demonstration that HMGB1 complexes with other menstrual factors cause endometriosis in vivo. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it links elevated HMGB1 in menstrual blood, through HMGB1/RAGE signaling, to inflammatory and angiogenic effects relevant to ectopic endometrial growth.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis HMGB1 Protein Menstruation Adult Biomarkers Biomarkers Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometrium Endometrium Endometrium Female Gene Expression HMGB1 Protein HMGB1 Protein HMGB1 Protein Humans Menstruation Middle Aged

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