Association between triglyceride glucose index and endometriosis in adults in the United States: A comprehensive study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Sasa Gao, Sujuan Gao, Xia Cui, Xiaoping Cui
PloS one · 2024 · vol. 19(11) , pp. e0313601 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313601 · PMID:39536051 · PMC11560008 · W4404306761
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This study found a positive association between the triglyceride glucose index and the risk of endometriosis in US adults using NHANES data, with age, birthplace, and prior ovary removal identified as risk factors.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

Gao and Cui used NHANES 1999–2006 data to examine whether the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a marker of insulin resistance, is associated with endometriosis in 2,508 U.S. adults, using weighted logistic regression with multivariable adjustment and restricted cubic spline modeling to assess potential nonlinearity. They found a statistically significant positive association between higher TyG index and endometriosis risk (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.024–2.258), with results remaining consistent across subgroups and a nearly linear relationship in spline analyses (P-nonlinear > 0.05). The paper’s main limitation, as implied by the design, is that it is cross-sectional and relies on endometriosis status from self-reported doctor diagnosis in the reproductive health questionnaire, which can limit causal inference. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it specifically tests the association between the TyG index and endometriosis susceptibility.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been well recognized as a reliable marker of insulin resistance and substantially correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. However, no study has investigated the association between the TyG index and endometriosis. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover an association between the TyG index and endometriosis. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation employed the extensive dataset derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2006). To explore the potential connection between the TyG and endometriosis, a multivariate weighted logistic regression model was established. The nonlinear relationship between the TyG index and the risk of endometriosis was explored using restricted cubic spline models (RCS). Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Ultimately, 2,508 individuals were included in this investigation. The findings unveiled a robust positive correlation between the TyG index and the susceptibility to endometriosis (OR [95% CI]: 1.52 [1.024,2.258]; P < 0.05). This positive association remained consistent across diverse subgroups. Age, birthplace, and whether one ovary was removed were identified as significant risk factors. In RCS analysis, the TyG index showed a nearly linear relationship with the risk of endometriosis (P-nonlinear > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a positive association between the TyG index and the risk of endometriosis, exhibiting an approximate non-linear relationship.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Blood Glucose Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis

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