Increasing the proportional content of surfactant (Cremophor EL) relative to lipid in self-emulsifying lipid-based formulations of danazol reduces oral bioavailability in beagle dogs

Jean F. Cuiné, William N. Charman, Colin W. Pouton, Glenn A. Edwards, Christopher J. H. Porter
Pharmaceutical research · 2007 · vol. 24(4) , pp. 748–757 · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9194-z · PMID:17372700 · W2079495578
Lab / animal OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 8 in-corpus citations
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-14 ⓘ

This study in beagle dogs found that increasing the surfactant Cremophor EL relative to lipid in self-emulsifying danazol formulations reduced oral bioavailability, correlating with increased drug precipitation during in vitro digestion.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of a change in the proportions of lipid, surfactant and co-solvent on the solubilisation capacity of self-emulsifying formulations of danazol during in vitro dispersion and digestion studies and correlation with in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs. METHODS: Formulations from within the phase diagram of the pseudo-ternary system composed of soybean oil:maisine 35-1 (1:1 w/w), Cremophor EL and ethanol were assessed in vitro on dispersion and digestion. The relative bioavailability of danazol after administration of a series of these formulations was also determined. RESULTS: All formulations formed microemulsions in the presence of water and no drug precipitation was observed on dispersion. In contrast, drug solubilisation was markedly affected by lipase-mediated digestion and a reduction in lipid (and increase in surfactant) content resulted in increased drug precipitation. Consistent with these data, the bioavailability of danazol decreased significantly when the lipid content in the formulations was reduced. CONCLUSION: A rank-order correlation was observed between the patterns of solubilisation obtained during in vitro digestion and the in vivo performance of self-emulsifying formulations of danazol. In general a decrease in the lipid content and an increase in the proportions of surfactant and co-solvent resulted in reduced danazol bioavailability.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

MeSH descriptors

Danazol Drug Carriers Emulsions Estrogen Antagonists Glycerol Lipids Surface-Active Agents Administration, Oral Animals Biological Availability Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Cross-Over Studies Danazol Danazol Danazol Danazol Dogs Drug Compounding Estrogen Antagonists Estrogen Antagonists

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

References (49)

Cited by (5)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-05-11T05:54:30.111693+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-10-08T21:04:17.981133+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-10-19T06:34:38.229974+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK