Leukocytes: essential cells in ovarian function and ovulation

In: Reproductive Medicine Review · 1997 · vol. 6(2) , pp. 97–111 · doi:10.1017/s0962279900001447 · W2072419416
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Immune cells and mediators are prevalent throughout the reproductive tract, playing crucial roles in ovarian function and ovulation, and their dysfunction may underlie various reproductive disorders.

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This paper reviews evidence that immune cells and mediators (including leukocytes and cytokines) are present in the female reproductive tract and participate in ovarian function, ovulation, and corpus luteum activity. Across high-level mechanistic and animal/human studies, it highlights findings such as localization of white blood cell subsets in ovarian compartments, chemotactic signaling in periovulatory follicles, and functional experiments showing that leukocyte supplementation can increase ovulation rate while neutrophil depletion can reduce it; it also notes that severe leukocyte depletion may not impair follicular rupture. A major limitation is that the article is not a single new study but a broad review that synthesizes heterogeneous data without providing new quantitative estimates. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper mentions endometriosis among reproductive disorders likely involving immune regulation dysfunction, though its main focus is leukocytes and cytokine roles in normal ovarian function and ovulation rather than endometriosis pathology.

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Abstract

The disciplines of reproduction and immunology, once quite discrete, are now closely associated, with compelling evidence to suggest that immune mechanisms play important roles in the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovary. Cells and mediators classically described as part of the immune system are found throughout the reproductive tract. Disorders of reproduction, including pre-eclampsia, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, recurrent miscarriage and disturbed fetal growth almost certainly have some of their origins in the dysfunction of immune regulation. There appears to be some evidence that immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma, can manifest as infertility, before clinical disease becomes apparent.
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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 June 2009 The disciplines of reproduction and immunology, once quite discrete, are now closely associated, with compelling evidence to suggest that immune mechanisms play important roles in the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovary. Cells and mediators classically described as part of the immune system are found throughout the reproductive tract. Disorders of reproduction, including pre-eclampsia, unexplained infertility, endometriosis, recurrent miscarriage and disturbed fetal growth almost certainly have some of their origins in the dysfunction of immune regulation. There appears to be some evidence that immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma, can manifest as infertility, before clinical disease becomes apparent. - Type - Research Article - Information - Copyright - Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997 1Kelly, RW. Immunosuppressive mechanisms in semen: implications for contraception. 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