Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Fertility
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Women with abnormal laparoscopic findings indicative of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) had significantly higher rates of subsequent infertility and ectopic pregnancy compared to controls.
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Abstract
From 1960 10 1984, 2,501 women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy (index laparoscopy) because of a clinical suspicion of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Of these women, 1,844 had abnormal laparoscopic findings (patients) and 657 had normal findings (control subjects). The reproductive events after index laparoscopy of 1,732 patients and 601 control subjects were followed. The patients and control subjects were followed for a total of 13,400 and 3,958 woman-years, respectively. During the follow-up period, 1,309 (75.6%) of the patients and 451 (75.0%) of the control subjects attempted to conceive. Of these women, 209 (16.0%) of the patients and 12 (2.7%) of the control subjects failed to conceive. A total of 141 (10.8%) of the patients and 0 (0%) of the control subjects had confirmed tubal factor infertility, 21 (1.6%) of the patients and 3 (0.7%) control subjects had other causes of infertility, and 47 (3.6%) patients and 9 (2.0%) control subjects did not have a complete infertility evaluation. Additional information on tubal morphology (hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, or laparotomy) in women from couples for whom evaluation was incomplete indicated that 165 (12.2%) patients and 4 (0.9%) of the control subjects had abnormal tubal function or morphology after index laparoscopy. Tubal factor infertility after PID was associated with number and severity of PID episodes. The ectopic pregnancy rate for first pregnancy after index laparoscopy was 9.1% among the patients and 1.4% among control subjects.
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Cited by (27)
- Is Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease an Exclusively Medical Gynecological Disease, or It May Be a Surgical Challenge? 2024
- Tubal Disease and Ectopic Pregnancy 2022
- Extrapelvic Endometriosis Mimicking Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Case Report and a Review of Literature 2022
- Endometriosis is a risk factor for recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease after tubo-ovarian abscess surgery 2022
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Association between Endometriosis and Ectopic Pregnancy 2022
- Frequency of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Infertile Patients 2022
- Study on causes of infertility 2021
- Gynecology 2016
- Women’s experiences of pelvic inflammatory disease: Implications for health-care professionals 2013
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Chronic Pelvic Pain 2012
- Chronic Pelvic Pain in the Adolescent 2012
- Caesarean section and tubal infertility: is there an association? 2008
- Do short-term markers of treatment efficacy predict long-term sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease? 2008
- Predictors of Chronic Pelvic Pain in an Urban Population of Women With Symptoms and Signs of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 2005
- Effectiveness of Treatment Strategies of Some Women With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 2005
- Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: Evaluation and Management in Primary Care 2005
- Preferences for fertility in women with pelvic inflammatory disease 2004
- Condom Use and the Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Chronic Pelvic Pain, or Infertility Following an Episode of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 2004
- Endometritis does not predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease 2003
- Diagnosis and management of chronic pelvic pain 2002
- Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment strategies for women with pelvic inflammatory disease: Results from the pelvic inflammatory disease evaluation and clinical health (peach) randomized trial 2002
- Behandlung Von entzündlichen Adnexerkrankungen -Laparoskopie Versus Laparotomie 2002
- Causes of chronic pelvic pain 2000
- Infertility Following Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 1999
- Pathophysiology and management of proximal tubal blockage 1999
- Long-term Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Tubal Factor Infertility, Ectopic Pregnancy, and Chronic Pelvic Pain 1997
- Gynecology 1995
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