Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic benign disease affecting 6-10% of women, characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing inflammation, pain, and infertility.
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This paper reviewed endometriosis as a chronic benign condition characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, affecting about 6–10% of women, typically during reproductive years. It discusses major hypothesized pathogenesis pathways (retrograde menstruation, dissemination via blood/lymph, and metaplasia/stem-cell theories) and the resultant inflammatory, angiogenic, fibrotic, neural, and anatomical changes that lead to pain and infertility. It also summarizes clinical classification (superficial/peritoneal, ovarian, and deep endometriosis) and diagnostic approach, noting that transvaginal ultrasound is the first imaging option, with diagnosis based on history and pelvic examination; a key caveat is that pathogenesis has not been definitively established. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — a chapter-level overview of its pathogenesis, clinical features, classification, diagnosis, and management principles.
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References (27)
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