Targeted Imaging of Endometriosis and Image-Guided Resection of Lesions Using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue-Modified Indocyanine Green

Jing Peng, Qiyu Liu, Tao Pu, Zhang Ming-xing, Meng Zhang, Ming Du, Guiling Li, Xiaoyan Zhang, Congjian Xu
Molecular imaging · 2023 · vol. 2023 , pp. 6674054 · doi:10.1155/2023/6674054 · PMID:38089464 · PMC10713253 · W4389303842
article OA: gold CC0 ⤵ 1 in-corpus citation
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue-modified indocyanine green (GnRHa-ICG) specifically recognized and localized endometriosis lesions, guiding highly accurate surgical resection with improved sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods.

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Abstract

Objective: In this study, we utilized gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue-modified indocyanine green (GnRHa-ICG) to improve the accuracy of intraoperative recognition and resection of endometriotic lesions. Methods: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) expression was detected in endometriosis tissues and cell lines via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The in vitro binding capacities of GnRHa, GnRHa-ICG, and ICG were determined using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. In vivo imaging was performed in mouse models of endometriosis using a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging system and fluorescence navigation system. The ex vivo binding capacity was determined using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results: GnRHa-ICG exhibited a significantly stronger binding capacity to endometriotic cells and tissues than ICG. In mice with endometriosis, GnRHa-ICG specifically imaged endometriotic tissues (EMTs) after intraperitoneal administration, whereas ICG exhibited signals in the intestine. GnRHa-ICG showed the highest fluorescence signals in the EMTs at 2 h and a good signal-to-noise ratio at 48 h postadministration. Compared with traditional surgery under white light, targeted NIRF imaging-guided surgery completely resected endometriotic lesions with a sensitivity of 97.3% and specificity of 77.8%. No obvious toxicity was observed in routine blood tests, serum biochemicals, or histopathology in mice. Conclusions: GnRHa-ICG specifically recognized and localized endometriotic lesions and guided complete resection of lesions with high accuracy.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green Indocyanine Green

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Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

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