Molecular basis of endometriosis.
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This review explores the molecular basis of endometriosis, detailing disturbed cellular processes and identifying potential markers and drug targets to improve diagnostics and treatment.
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Abstract
Background Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within extrauterine sites. Estimations show that up to 15 % of women in their reproductive age are affected. Extrauterine endometrial tissue can be found on the pelvic peritoneum, on the ovaries, in the rectovaginal septum, and more rarely, in the pericardium and pleura forming three different entities: peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis and deep endometriotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum. Symptoms for endometriosis may include painful and/or heavy periods, pain during intercourse, pelvic pain, 30–50 % reduced fertility and low back pain. Pathogenesis of endometriosis is not yet fully understood. It is well known that endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease, with distinctive genetic, immunological and environmental risk factors. Conclusions The review focuses on different cell processes which are disturbed in endometriosis patients. A better understanding of the molecular basis of endometriosis will aid in identification of molecular markers and novel drug targets in the future, providing better diagnostics and treatment.
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