Medikamentöse Behandlung der Endometriose

In: Der Gynäkologe · 2020 · vol. 53(10) , pp. 658–665 · doi:10.1007/s00129-020-04663-7 · W3087335741
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This review outlines medical treatments for endometriosis, including NSAIDs, progestins, and GnRH analogs, aiming to reduce pain and inflammation by addressing progesterone resistance and estrogen deprivation.

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The paper reviews the medical (systemic) treatment of endometriosis, describing the disease burden and key mechanisms such as progesterone resistance and activation of multiple inflammatory processes. It outlines therapeutic goals of analgesia, anti-inflammation, and increasing progesterone availability via estrogen deprivation, and summarizes commonly used drug classes including NSAIDs, progestins, progestogen-dominant contraceptives, progestogen-containing intrauterine systems, and GnRH analogues/antagonists. In Germany, dienogest and danazol are licensed, with danazol noted as rarely prescribed due to its side-effect profile, and in the USA elagolix (an oral GnRH antagonist) is licensed for endometriosis-associated pain while additional drugs are under investigation. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on the medical pharmacologic treatment options and their rationale.

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Zusammenfassung Endometriose ist eine chronische Erkrankungen bei geschlechtsreifen Frauen. Von ihnen sind etwa 10-15% betroffen. Das Kardinalsymptom ist die Dysmenorrhö, die vielfach in chronische Unterbauchschmerzen übergeht. Auf zellulärer Ebene lässt sich eine Progesteronresistenz nachweisen sowie die Aktivierung multipler Entzündungsprozesse. Die medikamentöse Therapie zielt daher auf folgende Aspekte ab: Analgesie, Antiinflammation und Erhöhung des Progesteronangebotes bei Deprivation von Östrogen. Zum Einsatz kommen in erster Linie nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika, Gestagen-Monopräparate, gestagenbetonte Kontrazeptiva, gestagenhaltige Intrauterinspiralen und GnRH(„gonadotropin releasing hormone“)-Analoga. In Deutschland sind Dienogest und Danazol zur Behandlung der Endometriose zugelassen. Letzteres wird wegen des Nebenwirkungsprofils kaum mehr verschrieben. In den USA wurde Elagolix als oral verfügbarer GnRH-Antagonist bei endometrioseassoziierten Schmerzen zugelassen. Weitere Medikamente sind in klinischer Erprobung. Abstract Approximately 10–15% of women suffer from endometriosis, a chronic disease of pubescent females. While dysmenorrhoea is seen as the cardinal symptom of endometriosis, many patients complain of chronic pelvic pain. Progesterone resistance as well as inflammation characterizes endometriosis on a cellular level. Systemic treatment focuses on analgesia, anti-inflammation, and elevation of progesterone levels. Non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs (NSAR), progestins, combined oral contraceptives, intrauterine systems (IUS) loaded with progestogen, and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH analoges) are used. In Germany, dienogest and danazol are licensed for endometriosis treatment. The latter is rarely prescribed due to its androgenic side effects. Elagolix, which is an orally administered GnRH antagonist, has been licensed in the US to treat endometriosis-associated pain. Additional drugs are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Similar content being viewed by others Literatur Vercellini P, Buggio L, Somigliana E (2017) Role of medical therapy in the management of deep rectovaginal endometriosis. Fertil Steril 108(6):913–930 Bulun SE (2009) Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 360(3):268–279 Gordts S, Koninckx P, Brosens I (2017) Pathogenesis of deep endometriosis. Fertil Steril 108(6):872–885e1 Rolla E (2019) Endometriosis: advances and controversies in classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. F1000Res 8. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14817.1 Ulrich U et al (2014) National German guideline (S2k): guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis: long version – AWMF registry no. 015-045. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 74(12):1104–1118 Dunselman GA et al (2014) ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. 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J Obstet Gynaecol Can 40(11):e747–e787 Speer LM, Mushkbar S, Erbele T (2016) Chronic pelvic pain in women. Am Fam Physician 93(5):380–387 Koga K et al (2015) Prevention of the recurrence of symptom and lesions after conservative surgery for endometriosis. Fertil Steril 104(4):793–801 Gezer A, Oral E (2015) Progestin therapy in endometriosis. Womens Health 11(5):643–652 Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Ethics declarations Interessenkonflikt I. Meinhold-Heerlein gibt an, von der Firma Bayer Reisekosten und von den Firmen Jenapharm und Gedeon Richter Forschungsunterstützung erhalten zu haben.E. Janschek, M.M. Wölfler und M.M. Zeppernick geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien. Additional information Redaktion L. Kiesel, Münster W. Janni, Ulm Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Janschek, E., Wölfler, M.M., Zeppernick, M.M. et al. Medikamentöse Behandlung der Endometriose. Gynäkologe 53, 658–665 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04663-7 Published: Version of record: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04663-7

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