The Diagnostic Accuracy of Galectin-9 for Diagnosis of Endometriosis in Comparison with Laparoscopy

Sahar Jarollahi, Shahla Chaichian, Ali Jarollahi, Roya Hajmohammadi, Reza Mashayekhi, Fereshteh Shahmohammadi Dermani, Fereshteh Shahmohammadi, Mohammad Eslamivaghar, Ziba Ghasemi
Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2022 · vol. 23(4) , pp. 271–278 · doi:10.18502/jri.v23i4.10812 · PMID:36452187 · PMC9674464 · W4304183658
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

Serum Galectin-9 measurement demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 88.46% specificity for diagnosing endometriosis compared to laparoscopy.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the biomarker galectin-9 for diagnosing endometriosis, using laparoscopy as the reference standard. It assessed how well galectin-9 performed in comparison with laparoscopy-based diagnosis, aiming to quantify diagnostic performance. A key limitation explicitly acknowledged in such diagnostic studies is that accuracy can vary with study design and the chosen cutoff/measurement approach, which affects generalizability. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically testing galectin-9 as a diagnostic biomarker compared with laparoscopy.

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Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a common devastating gynecological disease with severe complications. Researches on noninvasive diagnostic tests with acceptable accuracy are still ongoing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Galectin-9 (Gal-9) level in comparison with laparoscopic results in endometriosis patients. Methods: Sixty-one patients, referred to Booali, Rasool-e-Akram, and Pars Hospitals affiliated to Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, were recruited. Patients laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis were assigned to the case (n=32) and who diagnosed with other diseases were assigned to the control group (n=29). In general, 56 patients (30 in case and 26 in control group) completed the study. The serum level of Galectin-9 was measured using ELISA method before laparoscopy and was compared between the groups. Next, categorical variables were compared using Chi square and quantitative variables using independent samples t- test or Mann-Whitney U test. The Gal-9 cut-off was calculated using the Youden's index and ROC curve; then, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratio of Gal-9 were reported. The p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: , Galectin-9 had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88.46% for diagnosis of endometriosis (p<0.001). Conclusion: Galectin-9 measurement is helpful in diagnosis of endometriosis. Future studies are recommended for investigating the generalizability of these results.
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Publication Journal of Reproduction & Infertility Record type Journal article Published 11 October 2022 Authors Sahar Jarollahi | Shahla Chaichian | Ali Jarollahi | Roya Hajmohammadi | Reza Mashayekhi | Fereshteh Shahmohammadi | Mohammad Eslamivaghar | Ziba Ghasemi The publisher of this work supports multiple resolution. The work is available from the following locations: {'doi': '10.18502/jri.v23i4.10812', 'member_id': '7770', 'member': 'Knowledge E DMCC', 'container-title': 'Journal of Reproduction & Infertility', 'primary-resource': 'https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JRI/article/view/10812', 'tld': 'kne-publishing.com', 'clearbit-logo': '/static/no_logo.svg', 'coaccess': [], 'multiple-resolution': [{'url': 'https://www.jri.ir/article/140164', 'tld': 'jri.ir', 'clearbit-logo': '/static/no_logo.svg'}, {'url': 'https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JRI/article/view/10812', 'tld': 'kne-publishing.com', 'clearbit-logo': '/static/no_logo.svg'}], 'type': 'JOURNAL ARTICLE', 'published_date': '11 October 2022', 'publication': 'Journal of Reproduction & Infertility', 'title': 'The Diagnostic Accuracy of Galectin-9 for Diagnosis of Endometriosis in Comparison with Laparoscopy', 'name': None, 'id': None, 'location': None, 'display_doi': 'https://doi.org/10.18502/jri.v23i4.10812', 'grant_info': None, 'grant_info_funders': None, 'grant_info_funder_ids': '', 'grant_info_type': None, 'multiple_lead_investigators': [], 'multiple_co_lead_investigators': [], 'multiple_investigators': [], 'finances': [], 'project_description': None, 'award_amount': None, 'award_start': None, 'funding_scheme': None, 'internal_award_number': None, 'editors': None, 'authors': 'Sahar Jarollahi | Shahla Chaichian | Ali Jarollahi | Roya Hajmohammadi | Reza Mashayekhi | Fereshteh Shahmohammadi | Mohammad Eslamivaghar | Ziba Ghasemi', 'chairs': None, 'supplementary_ids': None} https://doi.org/10.18502/jri.v23i4.10812 JSON XML

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