Endometriosis

In: Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction · 2019 · pp. 64–69 · doi:10.1017/9781316488294.009 · W2948034510
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Endometriosis prevalence is higher in infertile women than fertile ones and tends to be more advanced in infertile cases, with an increased risk of infertility in younger women.

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This chapter reviews evidence on the association between endometriosis and infertility, summarizing observational findings that endometriosis prevalence is higher among infertile populations than among women with proven fertility undergoing laparoscopic sterilisation, and that disease appears more advanced in infertile women. It also describes a more recent epidemiological study reporting that endometriosis is linked to a two-fold increased subsequent infertility risk, but only among women younger than 35 years. A key caveat highlighted in this text is that the relationship between endometriosis and infertility remains controversial because endometriosis can occur in both fertile and infertile women. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on resolving the contentious relationship between endometriosis and subfertility/infertility.

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Abstract

The association between endometriosis and infertility is controversial, as endometriosis can be present in both fertile and infertile women. A review of the published studies showed that the prevalence of endometriosis was 4% in women with proven fertility undergoing laparoscopic sterilisation, whilst this figure was 13.5% in infertile population[1]. Furthermore, this review demonstrated that endometriosis tends to be more advanced in infertile women, compared to women with proven fertility. A recent epidemiological study showed that endometriosis was associated with an age-adjusted two-fold increased risk of subsequent infertility, but only in women under the age of 35 years[2].
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- Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction - Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Chapter 1 The Patient’s Perspective - Chapter 2 Epidemiology of Infertility - Chapter 3 Investigation of Male Infertility - Chapter 4 Female Fertility - Chapter 5 Unexplained Infertility - Chapter 6 Overview of Management of Male Infertility - Chapter 7 Semen Analysis and Sperm Function Tests - Chapter 8 Assessment of Fallopian Tube Patency - Chapter 9 Endometriosis - Chapter 10 Congenital Uterine Abnormalities - Chapter 11 Fibroids and Fertility - Chapter 12 Tubal Factor Infertility and Tubal Surgery - Chapter 13 Fertility and the Hypogonadal Male - Chapter 14 Causes and Investigation of Ovarian Infertility - Chapter 15 Ovulation Induction for Anovulatory Infertility - Chapter 16 The Role of Regulation in Reproductive Medicine - Chapter 17 Common Stimulation Regimens in Assisted Reproductive Technology - Chapter 18 Oocyte Retrieval and Embryo Transfer - Chapter 19 Gamete Preparation and Embryo Culture - Chapter 20 Single Embryo Transfer - Chapter 21 The Risks of Assisted Reproduction - Chapter 22 Gamete and Embryo Cryopreservation - Chapter 23 Quality Management in Reproductive Medicine - Chapter 24 Early Pregnancy - Chapter 25 Evaluation and Management of Recurrent Miscarriage - Chapter 26 Sperm Retrieval - Chapter 27 Preimplantation Genetic Testing - Chapter 28 Adjuvant Treatment and Alternative Therapies to Improve Fertility - Chapter 29 Male Fertility Preservation - Chapter 30 Female Fertility Preservation - Chapter 31 Donor Recruitment - Chapter 32 Gamete Donation - Chapter 33 Training Opportunities in Reproductive Medicine - Index - References Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies to Improve Fertility Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 June 2019 Edited by Book contents - Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction - Subfertility, Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction - Copyright page - Contents - Contributors - Chapter 1 The Patient’s Perspective - Chapter 2 Epidemiology of Infertility - Chapter 3 Investigation of Male Infertility - Chapter 4 Female Fertility - Chapter 5 Unexplained Infertility - Chapter 6 Overview of Management of Male Infertility - Chapter 7 Semen Analysis and Sperm Function Tests - Chapter 8 Assessment of Fallopian Tube Patency - Chapter 9 Endometriosis - Chapter 10 Congenital Uterine Abnormalities - Chapter 11 Fibroids and Fertility - Chapter 12 Tubal Factor Infertility and Tubal Surgery - Chapter 13 Fertility and the Hypogonadal Male - Chapter 14 Causes and Investigation of Ovarian Infertility - Chapter 15 Ovulation Induction for Anovulatory Infertility - Chapter 16 The Role of Regulation in Reproductive Medicine - Chapter 17 Common Stimulation Regimens in Assisted Reproductive Technology - Chapter 18 Oocyte Retrieval and Embryo Transfer - Chapter 19 Gamete Preparation and Embryo Culture - Chapter 20 Single Embryo Transfer - Chapter 21 The Risks of Assisted Reproduction - Chapter 22 Gamete and Embryo Cryopreservation - Chapter 23 Quality Management in Reproductive Medicine - Chapter 24 Early Pregnancy - Chapter 25 Evaluation and Management of Recurrent Miscarriage - Chapter 26 Sperm Retrieval - Chapter 27 Preimplantation Genetic Testing - Chapter 28 Adjuvant Treatment and Alternative Therapies to Improve Fertility - Chapter 29 Male Fertility Preservation - Chapter 30 Female Fertility Preservation - Chapter 31 Donor Recruitment - Chapter 32 Gamete Donation - Chapter 33 Training Opportunities in Reproductive Medicine - Index - References The association between endometriosis and infertility is controversial, as endometriosis can be present in both fertile and infertile women. A review of the published studies showed that the prevalence of endometriosis was 4% in women with proven fertility undergoing laparoscopic sterilisation, whilst this figure was 13.5% in infertile population[1]. Furthermore, this review demonstrated that endometriosis tends to be more advanced in infertile women, compared to women with proven fertility. A recent epidemiological study showed that endometriosis was associated with an age-adjusted two-fold increased risk of subsequent infertility, but only in women under the age of 35 years[2]. - Type - Chapter - Information - Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019 d’Hooghe, TM, Debrock, S, Hill, JA, Meuleman, C. Endometriosis and subfertility: is the relationship resolved? Semin Reprod Med 2003 May;21(2):243–54.Google ScholarPubMed Prescott, J, Farland, LV, Tobias, DK, Gaskins, AJ, Spiegelman, D, Chavarro, JE, et al. A prospective cohort study of endometriosis and subsequent risk of infertility. Hum Reprod 2016 31(7):1475–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Giudice, LC. Clinical practice: Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 2010 Jun 24; 362(25):2389–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Lyons, RA, Djahanbakhch, O, Saridogan, E, Naftalin, AA, Mahmood, T, Weekes, A, et al. Peritoneal fluid, endometriosis, and ciliary beat frequency in the human fallopian tube. Lancet 2002 Oct 19;360(9341):1221–2.Google Scholar Suginami, H, Yano, K. An ovum capture inhibitor (OCI) in endometriosis peritoneal fluid: an OCI-related membrane responsible for fimbrial failure of ovum capture. Fertil Steril 1988 Oct;50(4):648–53.Google Scholar Abuzeid, MI, Mitwally, MF, Ahmed, AI, Formentini, E, Ashraf, M, Abuzeid, OM, et al. The prevalence of fimbrial pathology in patients with early stages of endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007 Jan;14(1):49–53.Google Scholar Reeve, L, Lashen, H, Pacey, AA. Endometriosis affects sperm-endosalpingeal interactions. Hum Reprod 2005 Feb;20(2):448–51.Google Scholar Dunselman, GA, Vermeulen, N, Becker, C, Calhaz-Jorge, C, D’Hooghe, T, De, BB, et al. ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014 Mar;29(3):400–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Moore, J, Copley, S, Morris, J, Lindsell, D, Golding, S, Kennedy, S. A systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002 Dec;20(6):630–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Hudelist, G, Ballard, K, English, J, Wright, J, Banerjee, S, Mastoroudes, H, et al. Transvaginal sonography vs. clinical examination in the preoperative diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011 Apr;37(4):480–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Van, HC, Van, CB, Guerriero, S, Savelli, L, Paladini, D, Lissoni, AA, et al. Endometriomas: their ultrasound characteristics. 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Hum Reprod 2009 Feb;24(2):254–69.Google Scholar Hart, RJ, Hickey, M, Maouris, P, Buckett, W. Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Vercellini, P, Pietropaolo, G, De, GO, Daguati, R, Pasin, R, Crosignani, PG. Reproductive performance in infertile women with rectovaginal endometriosis: is surgery worthwhile? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006 Nov;195(5):1303–10.Google Scholar Muzii, L, Di, TC, Di, FM, Marchetti, C, Perniola, G, Panici, PB. The effect of surgery for endometrioma on ovarian reserve evaluated by antral follicle count: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2014 Oct 10;29(10):2190–8.Google Scholar Garcia-Velasco, JA, Somigliana, E. Management of endometriomas in women requiring IVF: to touch or not to touch. Hum Reprod 2009 Mar;24(3):496–501.Google Scholar Yap, C, Furness, S, Farquhar, C. Pre and post operative medical therapy for endometriosis surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003678. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003678.pub2.Google Scholar National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Fertility; assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. RCOG; 2013.Google Scholar Tummon, IS, Asher, LJ, Martin, JS, Tulandi, T. Randomized controlled trial of superovulation and insemination for infertility associated with minimal or mild endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997 Jul;68(1):8–12.Google Scholar Nulsen, JC, Walsh, S, Dumez, S, Metzger, DA. A randomized and longitudinal study of human menopausal gonadotropin with intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility. Obstet Gynecol 1993 Nov;82(5):780–6.Google ScholarPubMed Hamdan, M, Omar, SZ, Dunselman, G, Cheong, Y. Influence of endometriosis on assisted reproductive technology outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2015 Jan;125(1):79–88.Google Scholar Harb, HM, Gallos, ID, Chu, J, Harb, M, Coomarasamy, A. The effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilisation outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2013 Oct;120(11):1308–20.Google Scholar Hamdan, M, Dunselman, G, Li, TC, Cheong, Y. The impact of endometrioma on IVF/ICSI outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2015 Nov;21(6):809–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Demirol, A, Guven, S, Baykal, C, Gurgan, T. Effect of endometrioma cystectomy on IVF outcome: a prospective randomized study. Reprod Biomed Online 2006 May;12(5):639–43.Google Scholar Sallam, HN, Garcia-Velasco, JA, Dias, S, Arici, A. Long-term pituitary down-regulation before in vitro fertilization (IVF) for women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004635. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004635.pub2.Google Scholar Benaglia, L, Somigliana, E, Vercellini, P, Benedetti, F, Iemmello, R, Vighi, V, et al. The impact of IVF procedures on endometriosis recurrence. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010 Jan;148(1):49–52.Google Scholar d’Hooghe, TM, Denys, B, Spiessens, C, Meuleman, C, Debrock, S. Is the endometriosis recurrence rate increased after ovarian hyperstimulation? Fertil Steril 2006 Aug;86(2):283–90.Google Scholar Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. 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