Endometriosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Endometriosis, the growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus, causes pain and infertility in women and is treated by reducing estrogen and menstrual cycling.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly surrounding the ovaries and fallopian tubes. It is relatively common disorder in reproductive-age women and is associated with significant pain and morbidity. In most cases, the spread of extrauterine endometrial tissue appears to result from retrograde menstruation and capillary or lymph dissemination. Endometrial cells implanted ectopically respond to cyclical changes in estrogen and progesterone with proliferation and secretion. Their presence in extrauterine areas can initiate immune and inflammatory responses that lead to pain and peritoneal adhesions, and may interfere with fertility. Diagnosis is based on the occurrence of cyclical symptoms and surgical validation via laparoscopy or laparotomy. Treatment is aimed at alleviating pain and preventing complications. Most treatments work by reducing estrogen levels and/or menstrual cycling. A primary practitioner must understand not only the medical aspects of this disease, but the enormous social and psychologic costs as well.
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Cited by (8)
- Advances in the diagnosis and management of endometriosis: A comprehensive review 2025
- Impact of Endometriosis-Related Adhesions on Quality of Life among Infertile Women. 2019
- Comparison of dienogest and progesterone effects on uterine contractility in the extracorporeal perfusion model of swine uteri 2018
- Overexpression of chloride channel-3 is associated with the increased migration and invasion ability of ectopic endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis 2016
- The differential expression of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs between ectopic and eutopic endometria provides new insights into adenomyosis 2015
- Role of shigella infection in endometriosis: A novel hypothesis 2007
- A life shaped by pain: women and endometriosis 2005
- E- and P-selectin expression in endometriotic tissues and the corresponding endometria 2000
SciLite annotations
organisms 1
noordeloos 2009062
chemicals 3
estrogen
progesterone
estrogen
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