Obstetrical & gynecological survey

UNLABELLED: This review will address the current understanding of the relationship between prolactin (PRL) and endometriosis-associated infertility. Although the exact mechanisms of action of hyperprolactinemia in patients with endometriosi…

Ureteral or vesical endometriotic lesions affect about 1% of women with endometriosis. The diagnosis may be difficult when specific symptoms are lacking. A delay in diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity. An adequate comprehension of t…

Dysmenorrhea affects up to 80% of reproductive age women, in many cases causing sufficient pain to dramatically affect social and occupational roles. The prevalence varies across ethnic groups, which in part may reflect varying cultural att…

UNLABELLED: Bowel endometriosis opens a new frontier for the gynecologist, as it forces the understanding of a new anatomy, a new physiology, and a new pathology. Although some women with bowel endometriosis may be asymptomatic, the majorit…

UNLABELLED: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with an unclear pathophysiology characterized by ectopic endometrium causing endometrium-like inflammatory lesions outside the uterine cavity. Recently, a number of studies have in…

UNLABELLED: Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common inherited bleeding disorder, results from a deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein required for the normal adhesion of platelets to the site of injured endothelium and …

UNLABELLED: In the last few years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis at the cellular and molecular levels has improved significantly. This may give us the opportunity to use new, specific agents for the treatment of thi…

UNLABELLED: This review summarizes current knowledge about the roles of cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins in reproductive medicine. With the development of COX-2 specific inhibitors, new therapeutic options are available to obstetricians a…

UNLABELLED: Given the importance of progesterone in female reproductive health, it was inevitable that analogues of this molecule would be developed to treat a variety of gynecologic maladies. Such medications, termed progesterone antagonis…

Deeply infiltrating endometriosis was described in the early part of the last century. Only recently, has there become a greater awareness and understanding of this form of endometriosis aided in part by advances in laparoscopic surgical te…

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a major health problem. It is the reason for 10% of all outpatient visits to gynecologist as well as being responsible for approximately 40% of laparoscopies and 10% to 15% of hysterectomies. A significant numbe…

Dysmenorrhea can be a severe and debilitating symptom in many women. Although most women may find adequate relief of symptoms from pharmacological approaches, there remain a few with resistant pain. Presacral neurectomy, although technicall…

Leptin, a recently described type-1 cytokine, is involved in cellular maturation and growth and appears to have a relationship to some obstetrical and gynecologic diseases. The MEDLINE database was accessed, and leptin-related articles publ…

The endometrial-myometrial interface (EMI) is an important region of the human uterus, which has attracted little research attention. This mucosal-muscular interface has characteristic features when compared with other similar interfaces in…

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder with varied symptomatology including chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. The association of endometriosis and infertility has been recognized for years, although definite evid…

Ascites is a rare but important complication of endometriosis because it mimics ovarian cancer. Most cases occur in nulliparous young black women and present with massive ascites. Treatment is effected by ablation of ovarian function by sur…

The recurrence of pelvic endometriosis some time after the initial treatment is a common finding in clinical practice. When symptoms of endometriosis reappear several months after treatment, it is difficult to distinguish between recurrence…

Tamoxifen is widely used as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients with positive estrogen receptors. Data on a possible association of endometrial pathologies with tamoxifen treatment have been accumulating. In this revi…

Adenomyosis is a relatively frequent finding in series of hysterectomies performed for menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. Evident selection biases of the available studies on adenomyosis have always limited the possibilities of defining the real…

Published studies relating to the usefulness of diagnostic and operative laparoscopy in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) were reviewed. This revealed that approximately 40 per cent of all laparoscopies were done for CPP. However, the de…

Conservative surgery for severe endometriosis in infertile women is one of the most challenging situations for the pelvic surgeon. The second half of the 1980s saw an increase in the supporters of laparoscopic treatment even for more extens…