Masahiro Nakashima

• Based on demographic profile, menstrual pain and medication usage for menstrual pain, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicted that older age and women with low BMI were found to be possible high-risk factors for the imaging di…

RESEARCH QUESTION: Would a properly designed educational programme offered to young women improve their awareness and fundamental knowledge of menstrual pain and endometriosis? DESIGN: A multinational cross-sectional study using a pen-and-…

STUDY QUESTION: Is there any change in the distribution of microvilli and microtubules in the apical endometria of women with adenomyosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: We observed microvilli damage in the apical endometria and an axonemal alteration cha…

OBJECTIVE: We examined the hypothesis that antibiotic treatment with or without gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) may decrease intrauterine infection with consequent decrease in tissue inflammation, cell proliferation and angio…

Abstract Purpose Human adenomyosis has an adverse effect on female fertility. Exact mechanistic basis is still unclear. We investigated the occurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in different types of human adenomyosis. Methods This is a p…

Research questionIs there any relationship between numbers of FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) and occurrence of peritoneal lesions in women with ovarian endometrioma and dermoid cysts?DesignRetrospective and prospective case-controlled coh…

Research questionIs there a biological difference between intrinsic and extrinsic adenomyosis with coexisting deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE)?DesignIn this prospective controlled study, biopsy specimens were collected after surgery fr…

CONTEXT: Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T-helper-17 (Th17) cells may be involved in endometriosis. Information on the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease that mainly affects women of reproductive age. The exact pathogenesis of this disease is still debatable. The role of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and Toll-like receptor…

Research questionIs there any difference in ovarian steroid receptor expression and pattern of fibrosis in focal and diffuse adenomyosis and response to hormonal treatment?DesignProspective controlled study where biopsy samples were prospec…

ObjectiveEndometriosis is commonly believed to originate from functionalis endometrium and adenomyosis from basalis endometrium. Due to the lack of enough information, we investigated the biological differences between these two layers of e…

ObjectiveA prominent stress reaction in the pelvis of women with endometriosis and the role of human heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in inflammation and the growth of endometriosis has been recently demonstrated. We report here expression of …

Adenomyosis is commonly believed to arise from the basalis endometrium. As an estromedin growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exhibits multiple functions in endometriosis, a disease commonly believed to arise from the functionalis …

The human lower genital tract is constantly exposed to various microorganisms, which can infect the upper genital tract through ascending migration. We report on tests of the hypothesis that as normal microbial flora in the vagina, some gra…

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease mostly affecting women of reproductive age. An additive effect between inflammation and stress reaction on the growth of endometriosis has been demonstrated. Here we investigated the combined effect…

STUDY QUESTION: Is there any risk of intra-uterine bacterial colonization and concurrent occurrence of endometritis in women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: An increase in intra-uterine microbial colonization and concurrent endometritis…

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease mostly affecting women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Even after 300 years, most of the literature claims that pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of…

study question: Is there any combined effect between inflammation and stress reaction on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated growth of endometriotic cells? summary answer: A combined effect of local inflammation and stress reaction in the …

STUDY QUESTION: Is there any occurrence of hidden (occult) endometriotic lesions in normal peritoneum of women with and without visible endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: We detected a slightly higher occurrence of occult microscopic endometrio…

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory condition associated with variable degrees of pelvic pain and infertility. Studies have showed that the growth and progression of endometriosis continue even in ovariectomized anim…

STUDY QUESTION: Is the occurrence of pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma associated with coexisting peritoneal lesions (PLs)? SUMMARY ANSWER: Pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma is usually associated with coexisting PL…

STUDY QUESTION: Can prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in menstrual and peritoneal fluid (PF) promote bacterial growth in women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: PGE(2) promotes bacterial growth in women with endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY…

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated the effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on tissue inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometriosis, adenomyosis and uterine myoma. Here, we investigated expression of GnRH …