Endometriosis, Cytological Findings

Rana S. Hoda, Abha Goyal, Susan Alperstein
In: Encyclopedia of Pathology · 2017 · pp. 130–135 · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_866 · W4253045364
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This paper defines endometriosis as endometrial cell implants outside the uterus, exploring its poorly understood etiology and pathogenesis, including retrograde menstruation and immune dysfunction.

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This encyclopedia entry defines endometriosis as the presence of benign endometrial cells outside the uterine corpus, notes that its etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood, and summarizes proposed mechanisms including retrograde menstruation and possible immune dysfunction with inflammatory pathway upregulation. It reviews epidemiologic incidence estimates across groups such as women of reproductive age, those with pelvic pain, and women with infertility, and it mentions genetic risk in relation to endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas. The major limitation is that it is a general descriptive overview rather than an original cytological study, so no specific cytology dataset or diagnostic performance results are provided. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on the definition, proposed pathogenesis, and incidence framing relevant to cytological findings in the setting of endometriosis.

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Synonyms Endometrioma; Endometriosis Definition Endometriosis is a condition of implant of a focus of benign endometrial cells outside of the corpus (body) uterus. The etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis is still not well understood. It usually results from retrograde menstruation and persists and may become functional in women with some form of immune dysfunction such as upregulation of inflammatory pathways that are normally deployed in response to infection or trauma. Genetics is being considered as a risk factor in the development of endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas, but the exact cellular and molecular pathways are not well elucidated. Clinical Features - Incidence The exact incidence of endometriosis is difficult to estimate, as some lesions are asymptomatic. Current estimates suggest that 6–10% of women of reproductive age, >50% of women and teenage girls with pelvic pain, and 50% of women with infertility have endometriosis. In the United... Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only References and Further Reading Ahn, S. H., Monsanto, S. P., Miller, C., Singh, S. S., Thomas, R., & Tayade, C. (2015). Pathophysiology and immune dysfunction in endometriosis. BioMed Research International, 2015, 795976. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2010). Management of endometriosis (Practice Bulletin No. 114). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 116, 223–236. Biscotti, C., & Ray, N. (2010). Papanicolaou tests associated with cervical mucosal endometriosis: An analysis of cellular features and c omparison to endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ. Diagnostic Cytopahology, 38, 551–554. Cobb, J. (2008). Endometriosis. In D. C. Wilbur & M. R. Henry (Eds.), College of American pathologists practical guide to gynecologic cytopathology. Illinois: College of American Pathologists. Gadducci, A., Lanfredini, N., & Tana, R. (2014). Novel insights on the malignant transformation of endometriosis into ovarian carcinoma. Gynecological Endocrinology, 30, 612–617. Giudice, L. C. (2010). Endometriosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 362, 2389–2398. Kennedy, S., Bennett, S., & Weeks, D. E. (2001). Affected sib-pair analysis in endometriosis. Human Reproduction Update, 7, 411–418. Review. Parazzini, F., Esposito, G., Tozzi, L., Noli, S., & Bianchi, S. (2016). Epidemiology of endometriosis and its comorbidities. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. Apr 30. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2017 Springer International Publishing AG About this entry Cite this entry Hoda, R.S., Goyal, A., Alperstein, S.A. (2017). Endometriosis, Cytological Findings. In: Schmitt, F. (eds) Cytopathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_866 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_866 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33285-7 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33286-4 eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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