Endometriosis in adolescents (a review)
Endometriosis, characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a leading cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in adolescents and requires comprehensive diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment.
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This 2022 literature review studied endometriosis in adolescents by synthesizing evidence on epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, proposed etiologies and immunologic/patophysiologic mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches (history, exam, ultrasound/MRI, and laparoscopy with histopathology). The review reports that endometriosis is commonly identified after laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain and/or dysmenorrhea (62–75% in one described group; 70% when pain persists despite NSAIDs and/or combined oral contraceptives), and it highlights that delayed diagnosis can worsen quality of life and allow possible progression. It emphasizes that specific biomarkers have not been established (including that CA-125 is not approved for screening) while multiple microRNAs are proposed as candidates, and it notes major caveats that etiology/pathogenesis data are contradictory and there is no single, validated diagnostic or treatment strategy. This paper is centrally about endometriosis in adolescents and does not specifically focus on adenomyosis.
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References (28)
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