Extracellular granzyme B and K are associated with endometriosis severity in infertile women

Fadhil Ahsan, Ahsan F, Santoso B, Budi Santoso, Rahmawati NY, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, Alditia FN, Fidyah Nanda Alditia, Mufid AF, Alfin Firasy Mufid, Muhammad Yohanes Ardianta Widyanugraha, M. Y. Ardianta Widyanugraha, Widyanugraha MYA, Sa'adi A, Ashon Sa’adi, Ashon Sa'adi, Sri Ratna Dwiningsih, Dwiningsih SR, Arif Tunjungseto, Tunjungseto A
Cytokine · 2025 · vol. 196 , pp. 157045 · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2025.157045 · PMID:41046824 · W4414806164
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This study investigated extracellular granzyme B and K levels in infertile women and found they are associated with endometriosis severity.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition often associated with infertility. The role of granzymes as cytotoxic proteases and immune regulators in endometriosis remains poorly understood. This study evaluated serum and peritoneal fluid levels of granzymes A, B, and K in women with endometriosis and their links to disease severity. METHODOLOGY: An observational study of 87 infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy, including 44 with endometriosis and 43 benign gynecologic controls. Granzyme levels were measured using ELISA and correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Serum GrB and GrK were significantly higher in women with endometriosis, particularly in advanced stages. Peritoneal fluid revealed reduced GrA and increased GrB in the endometriosis group. Serum GrB and GrK levels correlated positively with rASRM adhesion and endometriosis severity scores, while GrB levels correlated inversely with the Endometriosis Infertility Index (EFI) score, indicating their role in predicting infertility. Combining serum GrB and GrK effectively differentiated endometriosis from control, highlighting their diagnostic potential. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum GrB and GrK levels suggest their involvement in endometriosis pathogenesis and infertility. These findings highlight granzymes as promising biomarkers for disease severity, diagnosis, and targeted therapy in endometriosis management.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (45)

Source provenance

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