Adnexal masses associated with pelvic pain: A review and commentary on the evidence

Juan Carlos Tirado-Tapia, Enrique Sánchez-Valdivieso
In: Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan · 2023 · vol. 20(3) , pp. 8–13 · doi:10.23950/jcmk/13329 · W4382398075
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This review examines adnexal tumors associated with pelvic pain, highlighting how endometriosis can mimic gynecological cancer and increase ovarian cancer risk.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This 2023 narrative review examines adnexal masses associated with pelvic pain, focusing on how ovarian endometriosis (including endometriomas) can be clinically confused with ovarian or gynecologic malignancy. Drawing on prior epidemiologic and mechanistic literature, it describes endometriosis as a prevalent, estrogen-dependent condition presenting with menstrual-cycle–related pain, and notes that endometriomas occur in about 20–25% of endometriosis cases and can produce moderate-to-severe pain, sometimes with deep infiltrating endometriosis; it also discusses inflammation, cytokines, prostaglandins, and central sensitization as contributors to pain. The paper’s main limitation is that it is a concise review/commentary rather than a systematic review or original study, and it emphasizes clinical experience without providing new comparative evidence. It relates to endometriosis by centering on endometrioma and the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors in women with pelvic pain, including the risk that endometriosis resembles cancer in clinical practice.

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Abstract

Pain in relation to the menstrual cycle is representative of Endometriosis. It has been reported that Endometriosis can be easily confounded with neoplasia. In the clinical practice of Gynecologic Oncology we find with relative frequency patients who are unknown carriers of endometriosis who present and are operated on because they resemble a picture of gynecological cancer, predominantly of the ovary. It has been reported that Endometriosis can be easily confounded with neoplasia. Endometriomas form part of the differential diagnosis alongside various ovarian cystic formations. On the other hand, ovarian tumors are very common in women of reproductive age. Most are benign, but malignant ovarian tumors are a leading cause of cancer death in women. In women with endometriosis, the risk of developing ovarian cancer has been estimated to be up to 50% higher than in the general population. The aim of our concise review was to establish the current state of knowledge regarding adnexal tumors associated with pelvic pain.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (38)

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last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
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