Endometriosis: causes, diagnosis, and treatment options-review article for healthcare providers

Endometriosis, chronic pain, subfertility, diagnosis, treatment options, epidemiologyAbstract

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of functional, estrogen-responsive endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leading to chronic inflammation and significant impairment of quality of life. Its economic burden in the United States exceeds $49 billion, driven largely by healthcare costs and productivity losses for affected individuals. Aim: This review aims to provide healthcare providers with a comprehensive understanding of endometriosis, including its causes, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. Methods: A review of current literature was conducted to gather information on the various aspects of endometriosis, including genetic, environmental, and epidemiological factors, along with its mechanisms of pain and subfertility. Results: Endometriosis affects approximately 6–10% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with risk factors such as early menarche and nulliparity. The condition presents with diverse symptoms, including dysmenorrhea and subfertility. Diagnosis is confirmed through surgical visualization and biopsy of lesions. The pathophysiology includes aberrant immune responses and hormonal dysregulation, contributing to chronic pain and infertility. Conclusion: Understanding the complexities of endometriosis is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Given its multifactorial nature and significant impact on women's health, ongoing research is essential to improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes. Downloads

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