The measurement of endometrial perfusion in norplant users: a pilot study
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This pilot study measured endometrial perfusion in Norplant users and found no significant differences compared to controls, despite short-term vasomotion being abolished.
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Abstract
The use of progestogens without oestrogen is commonly associated with irregular menstrual bleeding. Oestrogens and progestogens are both thought to influence endometrial perfusion; changes in endometrial perfusion may contribute to vascular fragility and breakdown. In this study, endometrial perfusion was measured using laser-Doppler fluxmetry in women in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle before and 4-6 weeks after insertion of the low-dose long-acting levonorgestrel contraceptive implant system, Norplant. Endometrial perfusion was also measured in women exposed to Norplant for up to 19 months. There was no significant difference between endometrial perfusion in control cycles (27.2 flux units +/- 5.5, SEM) and at 4-6 weeks after Norplant insertion (16.3 flux units +/- 5.0), a time when irregular bleeding and spotting are common. Endometrial perfusion was no different from controls after longer periods of Norplant exposure (35.7 flux units +/- 7.2). No direct relationships between endometrial perfusion and plasma concentrations of ovarian steroid hormones were demonstrated. Short-term endometrial vasomotion was largely abolished during Norplant exposure.
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References (12)
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- Human endometrial perfusion after tubal occlusion via openalex
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Cited by (10)
- Progesterone: a pivotal hormone at menstruation 2011
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2009
- Abnormal bleeding in postmenopausal hormone users-What do we know today? 2009
- Bleeding with menopausal hormone therapy 2008
- Progestin-regulated expression of tissue factor in decidual cells: implications in endometrial hemostasis, menstruation and angiogenesis 2003
- Surface vascularization and endometrial appearance in women with menorrhagia or using levonorgestrel contraceptive implants. Implications for the mechanisms of breakthrough bleeding 2002
- The Clinical Relevance of Disturbances of Uterine Vascular Growth, Remodeling, and Repair 2001
- A functional model for progestogen-induced breakthrough bleeding 2000
- The structure of endometrial microvessels 2000
- Endometrial vascular changes and bleeding disturbances with long-acting progestins 2000
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- openalex
- last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
- pubmed
- last seen: 2026-10-08T20:59:21.759586+00:00
- unpaywall
- last seen: 2026-10-15T06:24:24.424788+00:00
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