Features of the vagina microbiotope in patients with adenomyosis
This study examined the vaginal microbiota in women with adenomyosis, finding associations with bacterial vaginosis, specific Lactobacillus species, and Candida, suggesting vaginal microorganisms ascend to the endometrium.
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The paper evaluated the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age with adenomyosis using a prospective clinical-laboratory and instrumental design, enrolling 224 patients (aged 30–50) and comparing them with 84 healthy ovulatory-cycle controls. Vaginal secretions were examined microscopically and by Gram-stained bacterioscopy, with Lactobacillus identification by PCR and 16S rRNA analysis. In the adenomyosis group, Gonococcus and Trichomonas were not detected by Gram stain, Candida (genus) was detected in 70.5%, and Lactobacillus species diversity included seven species; most Lactobacillus strains showed high inhibitory activity except against Candida albicans, and resistance patterns showed universal resistance to metronidazole with variable susceptibility to other tested antibiotics. The paper reports that bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis are independently associated with adenomyosis and that vaginal microorganisms may reach the upper genital tract via a vertical route, but it does not detail how causality was proven beyond these associations. This paper is centrally about adenomyosis — it characterizes the vaginal microbiotope and its association with bacterial vaginosis-related microorganisms in women with adenomyosis.
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