Abdominal wall endometriosis in a region distant to the caesarean section scar

Nicolas Galazis, Christopher Kyriacou, C. Kyriacou, Carina Johnstone-Ayliffe, Magdy Nawar
BMJ case reports · 2019 · vol. 12(8) , pp. e229889 · doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-229889 · PMID:31439550 · W2969360101
article OA: green CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This case report describes a 37-year-old patient with a periumbilical nodule confirmed as endometriosis, presenting distantly from a prior cesarean scar, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

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Abstract

Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a rare entity presenting as a painful lump with a cyclical pattern, associated with previous caesarean section (CS). AWE is typically located at the site of the CS scar. The diagnosis is challenging in the rare instance when AWE presents at a location distant to the CS scar. A 37-year-old patient presented to a general surgeon with a 2-year history of left-sided, periumbilical pain exacerbated during her menstrual periods. A 3 cm firm and tender nodule was noted clinically. Intraoperatively, the nodule involved the rectus muscle and infiltrated the peritoneum. Histology confirmed endometriosis, and the patient recovered uneventfully. The rarity of this clinical entity and the fact that AWE mostly presents to non-gynaecologists make the diagnosis challenging prolonging its physical and psychological morbidity. Thorough history-taking with emphasis on the pattern of pain and a previous history of CS should raise suspicion of AWE.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Abdominal Wall Cesarean Section Cicatrix Endometriosis Abdominal Pain Abdominal Pain Adult Diagnosis, Differential Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Humans Pregnancy

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (14)

Cited by (2)

SciLite annotations

organisms 1
noordeloos 2009062
chemicals 2
medroxyprogesterone acetate

Source provenance

europepmc
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