BMJ case reports

A woman in her 30s with a history of three caesarean sections was referred to gynaecology oncology for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding and a painful anterior abdominal wall mass located at the site of her previous caesarean scar. Th…

In this case report, we present a case of a woman in her 30s who was diagnosed with thoracic endometriosis presenting as a large pulmonary mass. Hormonal treatment progestin (synthetic form of progesterone) was started. The patient was deem…

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a severe complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), but it can also occur in women without prior PID or sexually transmitted infections. Recent studies suggest that endometriosis may increase the risk a…

Appendiceal endometriosis is a rare cause of acute appendicitis, accounting for approximately 1% of cases.This report describes a case of a female patient presenting with right iliac fossa pain and clinical signs of acute abdomen, who under…

Enteric fever is a multisystem febrile illness caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and C. It is usually transmitted through contaminated food and water. The disease usually manifests as a febrile …

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare haematological disorder with abnormal platelet surface receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, resulting in faulty platelet aggregation. Patients with GT may present with spontaneous bleeding after trauma or …

An elderly female in her 80s with multiple comorbidities presented to our emergency department with a 1-day history of progressive abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed peritonitis on abdominal examination. Laboratory examinations w…

A nulliparous woman in her late 30s with a history of pericardial patch repair for atrial septal defect and completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis 9 years ago presented with chest pain, breathlessness and abdominal pain. Radiologica…

A woman in her mid-40s experienced a painful lump in the right groin area for 5 years, with exacerbation during menstruation, coughing and sneezing. Initial treatment with depot methylprednisolone acetate injection was ineffective. 2 years …

We present a case of a woman in her 50s with a rapidly expanding giant serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary. The 40-kg mass displaced her bowel and splinted her diaphragm, causing mass effect and acute respiratory compromise worsening over …

A postmenopausal woman, in her 60s, married with no history of pregnancy, presented to our facility with an abdominal mass of 2 months duration that progressively increased in size. Physical examination revealed a mobile abdominal cystic ma…

Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis that occurs at the site of surgical scars, most frequently after obstetric or gynaecologic procedures. This condition is often confused with a stitch granuloma or a non-healing…

A woman with a history of chronic hypertension, no previous pregnancies and a recent myomectomy presented to the emergency department with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. She showed signs of septic shock, acute kidney injury …

Mullerian uterine anomalies are structural defects of the female reproductive system. An accessory cavitated uterine malformation (ACUM) is a rare congenital Mullerian anomaly where an accessory cavity with normal lining of endometrium is s…

Primary cutaneous endometriosis and inguinal endometriosis (IEM) are rare, representing less than 1% and under 0.6% of extragenital and extrapelvic endometriosis, respectively. Co-occurrence in the same patient is exceedingly rare, with a f…

A nulliparous woman in her 40s is referred to gynaecological oncology secondary to umbilical pain and bleeding with menses. Examination revealed a blood-filled cystic mass within an umbilical hernia consistent with umbilical endometrioma. T…

Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within a surgical scar following a caesarean section. A woman in her late 30s presented with a painful lump beneath her caesarean section s…

We describe the case of a woman with mild endometriosis and Allen-Masters syndrome after in vitro fertilisation (IVF), presenting at 7 weeks 2 days gestation with abdominal pain. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed a gestational sac with a n…

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) related to endometriosis is a rare and life-threatening complication. We report a case of a patient presenting to our department with major haemoperitoneum at 23+3 weeks of gestation due to a …

A woman in her early 40s presented with right-side chest pain radiating to the ipsilateral shoulder coinciding with her menstrual periods. She complained of worsening dysmenorrhoea over the preceding 6 months. Chest radiograph was notable f…

Ureteral endometriosis is rare and can be a silent clinical entity, which can potentially lead to serious complications such as obstructive uropathy, sepsis and renal failure. A high clinical suspicion is required especially in childbearing…

This is a case of a spontaneous haemoperitoneum occurring in the second trimester of pregnancy which was managed with interventional radiology to avoid laparotomy and its potential consequences. We aim to raise awareness of this condition i…

A woman in her 40s presented with exertional dyspnoea with an absence of haemoptysis, cough, fever and weight loss. The patient had a medical history of extensive endometriosis. Investigations revealed a large right-sided pleural effusion. …

We present a report of two adult females who presented to the surgery clinic at different time frames in our hospital with a swelling in the inguinal region. The swelling was painful for one of our patients. The first patient was evaluated …

Uterine rupture is a rare obstetric emergency that is typically associated with the presence of scar tissue such as in the case of previous caesarean section. In this case report, a primigravid patient presented to the hospital in cardiac a…