BMJ case reports

A woman in her 30s with a history of three caesarean sections was referred to gynaecology oncology for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding and a painful anterior abdominal wall mass located at the site of her previous caesarean scar. Th…

A nulliparous woman in her 40s presented with abdominal pain and dyspnoea during the second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasonography revealed two large abdominal masses: the upper lesion occupied the entire left subphrenic space extending to…

Salmonella-induced tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs) in patients with ovarian endometriomas and coexisting adenomyosis are rare and surgically challenging due to dense adhesions. We report a woman in her late 30s presenting with 2 weeks of wors…

We present the third case of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) during dienogest (DNG) therapy documented in Japan. A woman in her 40s with a history of smoking and a family history of SAH developed a sudden severe headache and was diagnosed wi…

In this case report, we present a case of a woman in her 30s who was diagnosed with thoracic endometriosis presenting as a large pulmonary mass. Hormonal treatment progestin (synthetic form of progesterone) was started. The patient was deem…

A woman in her 30s was admitted with 6 months of progressive shortness of breath and cyclical bilateral pleuritic chest pain associated with heavy, painful menstruation. She had a history of endometriosis. Chest X-ray revealed a large right…

Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a severe complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), but it can also occur in women without prior PID or sexually transmitted infections. Recent studies suggest that endometriosis may increase the risk a…

Appendiceal endometriosis is a rare cause of acute appendicitis, accounting for approximately 1% of cases.This report describes a case of a female patient presenting with right iliac fossa pain and clinical signs of acute abdomen, who under…

Enteric fever is a multisystem febrile illness caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and C. It is usually transmitted through contaminated food and water. The disease usually manifests as a febrile …

A patient of advanced maternal age with infertility underwent assisted reproductive technology treatment, followed by a single euploid embryo transfer in a hormonal replacement therapy frozen cycle. The implanted embryo resulted in a thorac…

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare haematological disorder with abnormal platelet surface receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, resulting in faulty platelet aggregation. Patients with GT may present with spontaneous bleeding after trauma or …

An elderly female in her 80s with multiple comorbidities presented to our emergency department with a 1-day history of progressive abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed peritonitis on abdominal examination. Laboratory examinations w…

A nulliparous woman in her late 30s with a history of pericardial patch repair for atrial septal defect and completed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis 9 years ago presented with chest pain, breathlessness and abdominal pain. Radiologica…

A woman in her mid-40s experienced a painful lump in the right groin area for 5 years, with exacerbation during menstruation, coughing and sneezing. Initial treatment with depot methylprednisolone acetate injection was ineffective. 2 years …

We present a case of a woman in her 50s with a rapidly expanding giant serous cystadenofibroma of the ovary. The 40-kg mass displaced her bowel and splinted her diaphragm, causing mass effect and acute respiratory compromise worsening over …

A postmenopausal woman, in her 60s, married with no history of pregnancy, presented to our facility with an abdominal mass of 2 months duration that progressively increased in size. Physical examination revealed a mobile abdominal cystic ma…

Scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis that occurs at the site of surgical scars, most frequently after obstetric or gynaecologic procedures. This condition is often confused with a stitch granuloma or a non-healing…

Meigs syndrome is a rare phenomenon seen in approximately 1% of patients diagnosed with ovarian tumours. It is defined as a triad of a benign ovarian tumour, pleural effusion and ascites with complete resolution of symptoms following surgic…

A woman with a history of chronic hypertension, no previous pregnancies and a recent myomectomy presented to the emergency department with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. She showed signs of septic shock, acute kidney injury …

A nulliparous woman presented to the hospital at 11 weeks' gestation with acute onset chest pain, non-specific ECG changes and mildly elevated cardiac enzymes despite having no cardiac risk factors. She re-presented 4 days later with chest …

Mullerian uterine anomalies are structural defects of the female reproductive system. An accessory cavitated uterine malformation (ACUM) is a rare congenital Mullerian anomaly where an accessory cavity with normal lining of endometrium is s…

Primary cutaneous endometriosis and inguinal endometriosis (IEM) are rare, representing less than 1% and under 0.6% of extragenital and extrapelvic endometriosis, respectively. Co-occurrence in the same patient is exceedingly rare, with a f…

A nulliparous woman in her 40s is referred to gynaecological oncology secondary to umbilical pain and bleeding with menses. Examination revealed a blood-filled cystic mass within an umbilical hernia consistent with umbilical endometrioma. T…

Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within a surgical scar following a caesarean section. A woman in her late 30s presented with a painful lump beneath her caesarean section s…

Representing 0.43% of all urinary bladder neoplasms, leiomyomas are rare mesenchymal tumours with a benign pathophysiology. There have only been approximately 250 cases published on this subject, necessitating further inquiry into this dise…