Physiopathologie de l’endométriose

Résumé L’endométriose correspond à la présence de tissu endométrial estrogénodépendant en dehors de la cavité utérine. Les deux principaux symptômes sont la douleur et l’infertilité. C’est une maladie fréquente, mais l’ensemble des mécanismes physiopathologiques reste mal compris. Cependant, aux deux principales théories physiopathologiques (l’implantation et la métaplasie) viennent s’ajouter de nouvelles données: l’inflammation et l’infiltration périnerveuses semblent être deux éléments majeurs dans le mécanisme de la douleur. Le mécanisme de l’infertilité ne repose pas que sur des phénomènes mécaniques, mais également sur des troubles de la folliculogenèse et sur des anomalies du liquide péritonéal. Abstract Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue estrogenodependent outside the uterine cavity. The two main symptoms are pain and infertility. It is a common disease but all the physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. 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