Effect of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the endometrium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and proliferation markers (Ki-67) in the endometrium of patients with ovulatory cycles with those in the endometrium of patients using oral contraceptives. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Endometrial biopsies from 104 premenopausal patients with regular ovulatory cycles (n=90) or using an oral contraceptive (n=14) were selected for this study. Using immunohistochemical methods, both COX-2 (Novocastra clone 4H12) and Ki-67 (Dako clone MIB-1) expression were determined in the endometrium during the various phases of the menstrual cycle or following the use of oral contraceptives. RESULTS: COX-2 expression in the glandular epithelium was maximal during menstruation, the late proliferative phase and the early luteal phase, and minimal during the late luteal phase. However, in the surface epithelium, COX-2 expression remained strongly positive throughout the luteal phase. Ki-67 positivity increased during the proliferative phase and diminished during the luteal phase in the glands. In contraceptive users, both Ki-67 and COX-2 expression in the endometrium was low. CONCLUSION: The increased expression of COX-2 during menstruation and at mid-cycle is eliminated by the continuous use of oral contraceptives. This may be the rationale for their therapeutic action in the treatment of dysmenorrhea and bleeding.
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Cited by (18)
- Epidemiology, management and diagnostic workup for endometriosis related pelvic pain 2023
- Molecular biological profile of the endometrium in patients with endometriosis (literature review) 2022
- Adenomyosis and Pain 2021
- PPARγ Agonists: Emergent Therapy in Endometriosis 2021
- Role of angiogenesis in adenomyosis-associated abnormal uterine bleeding and subfertility: a systematic review 2019
- Cyclooxygenase-2 in Endometriosis 2019
- Investigation of the Roles of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Galectin-3 Expression in the Pathogenesis of Premenopausal Endometrial Polyps 2016
- The effect of oral contraceptives on aromatase and Cox-2 expression in the endometrium of patients with idiopathic menorrhagia or adenomyosis 2013
- Role of Inflammation and Aromatase Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium and its Relationship with the Development of Endometriosis 2012
- Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Adenomyosis and Endometrial Polyps and its Correlation With Angiogenesis 2009
- Non-contraceptive health benefits of oral contraceptives 2008
- Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents 2008
- Effect of oral contraceptives on vascular endothelial growth factor, Cox-2 and aromatase expression in the endometrium of uteri affected by myomas and associated pathologies 2008
- The effect of oral contraceptives on aromatase expression in the eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis 2008
- Dysmenorrhea: Contemporary Perspectives 2008
- Aromatase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endometrial polyps during the menstrual cycle 2006
- Effect of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives on aromatase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in adenomyosis 2006
- Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endometrial polyps during menopause 2005
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