Pleural Endometriosis in an Aged Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta )

Basel T. Assaf, B T Assaf, A D Miller, Andrew D. Miller
Veterinary pathology · 2011 · vol. 49(4) , pp. 636–641 · doi:10.1177/0300985811406890 · PMID:21521902 · W2172160534
article OA: bronze CC0 ⤵ 10 in-corpus citations
📄 Open PDF View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher

Abstract

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is one of the most common reproductive abnormalities encountered in women as well as Old World primates. The majority of endometriosis cases in Old World primates occur within the abdominal cavity, with spread to extraabdominal sites considered to be a rare event. A 19-year-old multiparous female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) presented to necropsy for difficulty breathing and weight loss. Grossly, the animal had marked abdominal endometriosis and severe hemoabdomen and hemothorax, the latter of which was accompanied by marked pleural fibrosis. Histologic examination confirmed the abdominal endometriosis and also revealed numerous uterine glands and stroma embedded within the pleural fibrosis. Rafts of endometrial tissue were present within pulmonary lymphatics and the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Immunohistochemically, all ectopic endometrial tissue had varying degrees of positive immunoreactivity to cytokeratin, vimentin, progesterone and estrogen receptors, and calretinin but was negative for desmin and carcinoembryonic antigen. Pleural endometriosis is an extremely rare manifestation of endometriosis in nonhuman primates. This case report emphasizes lymphatic spread as a likely mechanism for extrauterine endometriosis.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Macaca mulatta Monkey Diseases Pleural Diseases Animals Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Fibrosis Fibrosis Immunohistochemistry Monkey Diseases Pleural Diseases Pleural Diseases

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (29)

Cited by (10)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-06-04T01:30:01.192114+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-05-13T22:16:42.478857+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK