Chronic pelvic pain: a comprehensive review on its physical and mental effects

In: International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025 · vol. 14(3) , pp. 1005–1007 · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20250551 · W4407958699
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This review examines the physical and psychological impacts of chronic pelvic pain in women, a persistent condition with multifactorial causes, and briefly outlines treatment options.

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This paper is a comprehensive review of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) that describes its multifactorial etiology across gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological components and summarizes the physical and psychological effects on women. It compiles evidence and briefly overviews treatment modalities for CPP while emphasizing that CPP is persistent, debilitating pelvic pain lasting for an extended period. The review does not provide original primary data and, as a broad narrative synthesis, does not quantify effect sizes across therapies within the abstract-level description. Relevance to endometriosis: endometriosis and adenomyosis are included as keywords in this CPP review, placing the paper within the endometriosis/adenomyosis pelvic pain research context, though the excerpt provided does not detail specific findings about those disorders.

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Abstract

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifaceted and often debilitating condition that affects a significant portion of the female population wherein there is persistent acyclic pain in the pelvic region continuing for a long period of time. It has multifactorial etiology which may encompass gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological components. This comprehensive review highlights the physical and psychological effects of CPP and briefly summarizes the various treatment modalities for CPP.
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Chronic pelvic pain: a comprehensive review on its physical and mental effects DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20250551Keywords: Chronic pelvic pain, Physical Effects, Psychological effects, Endometriosis, AdenomyosisAbstract Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifaceted and often debilitating condition that affects a significant portion of the female population wherein there is persistent acyclic pain in the pelvic region continuing for a long period of time. It has multifactorial etiology which may encompass gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological components. This comprehensive review highlights the physical and psychological effects of CPP and briefly summarizes the various treatment modalities for CPP. Metrics References Lamvu G, Carrillo J, Ouyang C, Rapkin A. Chronic pelvic pain in women: a review. JAMA. 2021;325(23):2381-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.2631 Speer LM, Mushkbar S, Erbele T. Chronic pelvic pain in women. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(5):380-7. Marinho MCP, Magalhaes TF, Fernandes LFC, Augusto KL, Brilhante AVM, Bezerra LRPS. Quality of life in women with endometriosis: an integrative review. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(3):399-408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2017.6397 Di Donato N, Giulia M, Arianna B, Giorgia M, Valentina B, Maurizio M, et al. Do women with endometriosis have to worry about sex? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;179:69-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.05.022 Mitchell C, Prabhu M. Pelvic inflammatory disease: current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2013;27(4):793-809. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.004 Rajabally F, Alkhaldi R, Joomye H. Adenomyosis or Not: The Ambiguity of Diagnostic Results and Clinician Incertitude. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e17902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17902 Akiyama Y, Luo Y, Hanno PM, Maeda D, Homma Y. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: The evolving landscape, animal models and future perspectives. Int J Urol. 2020;27(6):491-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.14229 Włodarczyk J, Burzyński J, Czerwiński B, Prusisz M, Socała K, Poleszak E, et al. Management of Pelvic Pain in Patients with Crohn's Disease-Current Overview. J Clin Med. 2023;12(2):526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020526 Meister MR, Sutcliffe S, Badu A, Ghetti C, Lowder JL. Pelvic floor myofascial pain severity and pelvic floor disorder symptom bother: is there a correlation? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(3):235.e1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.020 Beerten SG, Calabrò RS. Pudendal Neuralgia: The Need for a Holistic Approach-Lessons From a Case Report. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2021;18(4-6):8-10. Siqueira-Campos VM, Deus MSC, Poli-Neto OB, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Deus JM, Conde DM. Current challenges in the management of chronic pelvic pain in women: from bench to bedside. Int J Womens Health. 2022;14:225-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S224891 Jarrell JF, Vilos GA, Allaire C, Burgess S, Fortin C, Gerwin R, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of chronic pelvic pain. J Obstet Gynaecol Canada. 2005;27(9):869-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(16)30993-8 Romão AP, Gorayeb R, Romão GS, Poli-Neto OB, dos Reis FJC, Rosa-e-Silva JC, et al. High levels of anxiety and depression have a negative effect on quality of life of women with chronic pelvic pain. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(5):707-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02034.x Miller-Matero LR, Saulino C, Clark S, Bugenski M, Eshelman A, Eisenstein D. When treating the pain is not enough: a multidisciplinary approach for chronic pelvic pain. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19(2):349-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0537-9 Bannon S, Greenberg J, Mace RA, Locascio JJ, Vranceanu AM. The role of social isolation in physical and emotional outcomes among patients with chronic pain. Gen Hosp Psychiatr. 2021;69:50-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.009 Reichmann G, Parlier-Ahmad AB, Beck L, Thakkar B, Alappattu M, Boissoneault J, et al. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Sexual Dysfunction Among Females and Males Receiving Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;2:787559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2021.787559 Dey S, Arora P, Chanu SM, Maurya I, Gupta S. A Scoping Review on Interventions for Chronic Pelvic Pain. Indian J Pain. 2023;37(1):S3-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpn.ijpn_126_23 Klotz SGR, Schön M, Ketels G, Löwe B, Brünahl CA. Physiotherapy management of patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP): A systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019;35(6):516-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2018.1455251 Turner JA, Anderson ML, Balderson BH, Cook AJ, Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: similar effects on mindfulness, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, and acceptance in a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016;157(11):2434-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000635 Sung SH, Sung AD, Sung HK, An TE, Kim KH, Park JK. Acupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:9415897. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9415897 Natalie R, Bevin D, Betty S, Diane AD. Effects of Yoga on Quality of Life and Pain in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Women's Heal Phys Ther. 2019;43(3):144-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JWH.0000000000000135

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