Adenomyosis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Muhammad Faeyza Arifin Putra, Meilisva Audila Anggraini
In: Jurnal Biologi Tropis · 2022 · vol. 22(4) , pp. 1462–1473 · doi:10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4315 · W4312079135
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⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This literature review explores advances in non-invasive diagnostic methods like TVUS and MRI for adenomyosis, alongside medicamentosa and operative treatment options, while acknowledging hysterectomy as the gold standard.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-13 · read from full text ⓘ

This paper is a literature review on adenomyosis, focusing on diagnostic approaches and treatment options for abnormal uterine bleeding in women, with discussion of advances in imaging such as transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. It highlights that definitive confirmation and staging rely on histological examination, which typically requires hysterectomy, and notes that incidence and prevalence are therefore uncertain. Treatment is organized into medicamentosa (medication) and operative therapy, while still identifying hysterectomy and histology as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis and treatment. This paper is centrally about adenomyosis — it reviews diagnostic methods and treatment strategies, including how imaging compares with histologic diagnosis.

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Abstract

Adenomyosis is a benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium and it is one of the cause of abnormal uterus bleeding (AUB) in women. Adenomyosis is not widely discussed because the incidence and prevalence are not well known due to the certainty of diagnosis depending on histological examination which requires prior hysterectomy. This literature review aims to improve further understanding of adenomyosis by discussing two focus studies, which is to discover other diagnostic methods, and to be aware of the different ways to treat adenomyosis with different published literature in various database as the references. Advances in imaging technology allows more non-invasive procedure such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose adenomyosis without comprimising the patient fertility. The treatment of adenomyosis are divided into two parts, medicamentosa and operative therapy. Although there is different ways to diagnose and treat adenomyosis in this era, histological examination and hysterectomy is still the gold standart and definitive therapy to diagnose and treat adenomyosis, respectively.
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Abstract

Adenomyosis is a benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium and it is one of the cause of abnormal uterus bleeding (AUB) in women. Adenomyosis is not widely discussed because the incidence and prevalence are not well known due to the certainty of diagnosis depending on histological examination which requires prior hysterectomy. This literature review aims to improve further understanding of adenomyosis by discussing two focus studies, which is to discover other diagnostic methods, and to be aware of the different ways to treat adenomyosis with different published literature in various database as the references. Advances in imaging technology allows more non-invasive procedure such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose adenomyosis without comprimising the patient fertility. The treatment of adenomyosis are divided into two parts, medicamentosa and operative therapy. Although there is different ways to diagnose and treat adenomyosis in this era, histological examination and hysterectomy is still the gold standart and definitive therapy to diagnose and treat adenomyosis, respectively.

Keywords

Adenomyosis Diagnosis Treatment Abnormal Uterus BleesingReferences Alfarizan, R. & Marindawati, M. (2020) ‘Hubungan antara Perempuan Usia Reproduksi dengan Kejadian Leiomioma Uteri dan Adenomiosis Uteri di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cengkareng Jakarta Barat Tahun 2017-2019’, Muhammadiyah Journal of Midwifery, 1(1), p. 19. doi: 10.24853/myjm.1.1.19-24. Andres, M. P. et al. (2018) ‘Transvaginal Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Adenomyosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 25(2), pp. 257–264. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.08.653. Benagiano, G., Habiba, M. & Brosens, I. (2012) ‘The pathophysiology of uterine adenomyosis: An update’, Fertility and Sterility, 98(3), pp. 572–579. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.044. Benetti-Pinto, C. L. et al. (2017) ‘Abnormal Uterine Bleeding’, Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 39(7), pp. 358–368. doi: 10.1055/S-0037-1603807. 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(2014) ‘Clinical profiles of 710 premenopausal women with adenomyosis who underwent hysterectomy’, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 40(2), pp. 485–494. doi: 10.1111/jog.12211. Maxim, M. et al. (2022) ‘Current diagnosis and management of adenomyosis in Canada: A survey of Canadian gynaecologists’, Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders, 14(2), pp. 98–105. doi: 10.1177/22840265221093263. Munro, M. G. (2019a) ‘Classification Systems for Adenomyosis’, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 27(2), pp. 296–308. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.11.013. Munro, M. G. (2019b) ‘Uterine polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyomas, and endometrial receptivity’, Fertility and Sterility, 111(4), pp. 629–640. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.008. Naftalin, J. et al. (2012) ‘How common is adenomyosis? A prospective study of prevalence using transvaginal ultrasound in a gynaecology clinic’, Human Reproduction, 27(12), pp. 3432–3439. doi: 10.1093/humrep/des332. Naphatthalung, W. & Cheewadhanaraks, S. (2012) ‘Prevalence of endometriosis among patients with adenomyosis and/or myoma uteri scheduled for a hysterectomy’, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 95(9), pp. 1136–1140. Rusnaidi & Ayu, D. M. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Adenomiosis Terhadap Kejadian Infertilitas’, Jurnal Kedokteran Nanggroe Medika, 3(80), pp. 38–44. Taran, F. A., Stewart, E. A. & Brucker, S. (2013) ‘Adenomyosis: Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical phenotype and surgical and interventional alternatives to hysterectomy’, Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 73(9), pp. 924–931. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1350840. Tsui, K. H. et al. (2014) ‘Medical treatment for adenomyosis and/or adenomyoma’, Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 53(4), pp. 459–465. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.04.024. Upson, K. & Missmer, S. A. (2020) Epidemiology of Adenomyosis, Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718920. Vannuccini, S. & Petraglia, F. (2019) ‘Recent advances in understanding and managing adenomyosis’, F1000Research, 8, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.17242.1. Wati, E., Hutajulu, P. & Wicaksono, A. (2014) ‘HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN TERHADAP KEJADIAN MIOMA UTERI-ADENOMYOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DOKTER SUDARSO KALIMANTAN BARAT’, Implementation Science, 39(1), pp. 1–15. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.025%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10402%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21059%0Ahttp://journal.stainkudus.ac.id/index.php/equilibrium/article/view/1268/1127%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2577%0Ahttp://. Zhai, J. et al. (2020) ‘Adenomyosis: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis’, Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 38(2–3), pp. 129–143. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716687. License Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Faeyza Arifin Putra, Meilisva Audila Anggraini This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.

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