Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, implantation window and early pregnancy

Luciano G. Nardo

doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000175362.12470.e0

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, implantation window and early pregnancy

Luciano G. Nardo

In: Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · 2005 · vol. 17(4) , pp. 419–423 · doi:10.1097/01.gco.0000175362.12470.e0 · PMID:15976550 · W2033731219

review OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 5 in-corpus citations

View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review aims to summarize recent data about vascular endothelial growth factor and its implications in the normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle, implantation window and early pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS: Angiogenesis is crucial for the development of endometrium as well as for embryo implantation and establishment of pregnancy. A number of cytokines and growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor are known to modulate angiogenesis in human endometrium in vitro and in vivo. Intrauterine vascular endothelial growth factor expression has been shown to be regulated in a cycle-dependent fashion. Recent studies have demonstrated that female sex steroid hormones and gonadotrophins contribute to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels increase around the peri-implantation period and in the late secretory and pre-menstrual phases. Further, the production of this angiogenic growth factor appears to be related to decidualization. SUMMARY: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a key regulator of angiogenesis and vascular function in the human endometrium. Aberrant endometrial angiogenesis may result in menstrual dysfunction, failed implantation and first-trimester miscarriage. The possibility of enhancing or inhibiting angiogenic activity in the endometrium will provide a novel approach to the manipulation of reproductive functions.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (51)

Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor production associated with decidualization by human endometrial stromal cells <i>in vitro</i> via openalex
Circulating levels of free and total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, soluble VEGF receptors-1 and -2, and angiogenin during ovarian stimulation in non-human primates and women via openalex
Cycle dependency of intrauterine vascular endothelial growth factor levels is correlated with decidualization and corpus luteum function via openalex
Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and adrenomedullin in the endometrium in adenomyosis via openalex
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy via openalex
Immunolocalisation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Endometrium via openalex
Morphometric evaluation of stromal vascularization in the endometrium in adenomyosis via openalex
Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via openalex
Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. via openalex
Paracrine action of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: production and target sites, and hormonal regulation via openalex
Regulation of angiogenesis in the endometrium via openalex
Soluble factors from human endometrium promote angiogenesis and regulate the endothelial cell transcriptome via openalex
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Endometrium Is Regulated by Hypoxia<sup>1</sup> via openalex
VEGF, bFGF, and their receptors in the endometrium of rhesus monkey during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy via openalex
doi:10.1038/376066a0 via openalex
doi:10.1093/humrep/17.1.190 via openalex
doi:10.1073/pnas.200377097 via openalex
doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0287 via openalex
doi:10.1186/1477-7827-2-58 via openalex
W2403466594 via openalex
W2469408330 via openalex
W6655318352 via openalex
doi:10.1093/humrep/deg415 via openalex
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.509 via openalex
W6720190659 via openalex
W6783472418 via openalex
W6834787679 via openalex
doi:10.1093/humupd/1.2.162 via openalex
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.135 via openalex
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810812.x via openalex
doi:10.1530/rep.0.1210181 via openalex
doi:10.1080/j.1600-0412.2002.810812.x via openalex
doi:10.1093/humrep/12.7.1577 via openalex
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.05.001 via openalex
doi:10.1210/jc.85.1.402 via openalex
doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00117-3 via openalex
doi:10.1530/rep.0.1220085 via openalex
doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.83 via openalex
doi:10.1172/jci119868 via openalex
doi:10.1097/00006254-199509000-00024 via openalex
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138268 via openalex
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00618.x via openalex
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.004 via openalex
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.830605.x via openalex
doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64849-3 via openalex
doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021546 via openalex
doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58390-3 via openalex
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.025 via openalex
doi:10.1093/humrep/deg329 via openalex
doi:10.1210/jcem.87.4.8413 via openalex
doi:10.3109/13697139909025563 via openalex

Cited by (5)

Source provenance

openalex: last seen: 2026-05-11T05:54:30.111693+00:00
unpaywall: last seen: 2026-06-04T02:00:05.705006+00:00

License: CC0 · commercial use OK

[1] Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor production associated with decidualization by human endometrial stromal cells <i>in vitro</i> via openalex

[2] Circulating levels of free and total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, soluble VEGF receptors-1 and -2, and angiogenin during ovarian stimulation in non-human primates and women via openalex

[3] Cycle dependency of intrauterine vascular endothelial growth factor levels is correlated with decidualization and corpus luteum function via openalex

[4] Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and adrenomedullin in the endometrium in adenomyosis via openalex

[5] Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy via openalex

[6] Immunolocalisation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Endometrium via openalex

[7] Morphometric evaluation of stromal vascularization in the endometrium in adenomyosis via openalex

[8] Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis via openalex

[9] Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. via openalex

[10] Paracrine action of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: production and target sites, and hormonal regulation via openalex

[11] Regulation of angiogenesis in the endometrium via openalex

[12] Soluble factors from human endometrium promote angiogenesis and regulate the endothelial cell transcriptome via openalex

[13] Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Endometrium Is Regulated by Hypoxia<sup>1</sup> via openalex

[14] VEGF, bFGF, and their receptors in the endometrium of rhesus monkey during menstrual cycle and early pregnancy via openalex

[15] doi:10.1038/376066a0 via openalex

[16] doi:10.1093/humrep/17.1.190 via openalex

[17] doi:10.1073/pnas.200377097 via openalex

[18] doi:10.1210/edrv.18.1.0287 via openalex

[19] doi:10.1186/1477-7827-2-58 via openalex

[20] W2403466594 via openalex

[21] W2469408330 via openalex

[22] W6655318352 via openalex

[23] doi:10.1093/humrep/deg415 via openalex

[24] doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.509 via openalex

[25] W6720190659 via openalex

[26] W6783472418 via openalex

[27] W6834787679 via openalex

[28] doi:10.1093/humupd/1.2.162 via openalex

[29] doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.135 via openalex

[30] doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810812.x via openalex

[31] doi:10.1530/rep.0.1210181 via openalex

[32] doi:10.1080/j.1600-0412.2002.810812.x via openalex

[33] doi:10.1093/humrep/12.7.1577 via openalex

[34] doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.05.001 via openalex

[35] doi:10.1210/jc.85.1.402 via openalex

[36] doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00117-3 via openalex

[37] doi:10.1530/rep.0.1220085 via openalex

[38] doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.83 via openalex

[39] doi:10.1172/jci119868 via openalex

[40] doi:10.1097/00006254-199509000-00024 via openalex

[41] doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138268 via openalex

[42] doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00618.x via openalex

[43] doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.004 via openalex

[44] doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.830605.x via openalex

[45] doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64849-3 via openalex

[46] doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021546 via openalex

[47] doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58390-3 via openalex

[48] doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.025 via openalex

[49] doi:10.1093/humrep/deg329 via openalex

[50] doi:10.1210/jcem.87.4.8413 via openalex

[51] doi:10.3109/13697139909025563 via openalex