Menstrual fluid factors facilitate tissue repair: identification and functional action in endometrial and skin repair

Jemma Evans, Giuseppe Infusini, Jacqui McGovern, Leila Cuttle, Andrew I. Webb, Thomas Nebl, Liz Milla, Roy Kimble, Margit Kempf, Christine Andrews, David I. Leavesley, Lois A. Salamonsen
In: The FASEB Journal · 2018 · vol. 33(1) , pp. 584–605 · doi:10.1096/fj.201800086r · PMID:30036086 · W2883270717
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-09 ⓘ

Menstrual fluid's protein factors enhance endometrial and skin repair by promoting cell migration, demonstrating potential for novel therapeutic applications in wound healing.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-09 · read from full text ⓘ

The paper investigated factors present in menstrual fluid and tested whether they can functionally enhance tissue repair, using experimental models of endometrial repair and engineered skin repair. High-level methods included preparing epithelial and dermal components and assessing keratinocyte migration and tissue reconstruction in a skin-like system, alongside related analyses of repair responses in endometrial contexts; the authors identify menstrual-fluid–associated factors that promote healing and test functional actions, including depletion experiments targeting specific components. A key finding is that menstrual fluid factors facilitate tissue repair, and that disrupting at least one identified factor (e.g., depleting a targeted molecule) reduces repair outcomes versus untreated menstrual fluid–conditioned conditions. The paper’s main caveat is that these are controlled experimental tissue/repair assays rather than direct clinical testing in patients with impaired healing. Relevance to endometriosis: although focused on menstrual fluid–driven repair in endometrium and skin, the study centers on endometrial repair mechanisms that are biologically related to how endometriosis involves dysfunctional endometrial tissue repair and regeneration.

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Abstract

Repair after damage is essential for tissue homeostasis. Postmenstrual endometrial repair is a cyclical manifestation of rapid, scar-free, tissue repair taking ∼3-5 d. Skin repair after wounding is slower (∼2 wk). In the case of chronic wounds, it takes months to years to restore integrity. Herein, the unique "rapid-repair" endometrial environment is translated to the "slower repair" skin environment. Menstrual fluid (MF), the milieu of postmenstrual endometrial repair, facilitates healing of endometrial and keratinocyte "wounds" in vitro, promoting cellular adhesion and migration, stimulates keratinocyte migration in an ex vivo human skin reconstruct model, and promotes re-epithelialization in an in vivo porcine wound model. Proteomic analysis of MF identified a large number of proteins: migration inhibitory factor, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, follistatin like-1, chemokine ligand-20, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were selected for further investigation. Functionally, they promote repair of endometrial and keratinocyte wounds by promoting migration. Translation of these and other MF factors into a migration-inducing treatment paradigm could provide novel treatments for tissue repair.-Evans, J., Infusini, G., McGovern, J., Cuttle, L., Webb, A., Nebl, T., Milla, L., Kimble, R., Kempf, M., Andrews, C. J., Leavesley, D., Salamonsen, L. A. Menstrual fluid factors facilitate tissue repair: identification and functional action in endometrial and skin repair.
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This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Evans, Jemma, Infusini, Giuseppe, McGovern, Jacqui, Cuttle, Leila, Webb, Andrew, Nebl, Thomas, Milla, Liz, Kimble, Roy, Kempf, Margit, Andrews, Christine, Leavesley, David, & Salamonsen, Lois (2019) Menstrual fluid factors facilitate tissue repair: identification and functional action in endometrial and skin repair. FASEB Journal, 33(1), pp. 584-605. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121422/ © Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800086R NaCl Trypsin DED.preparation Keratinocyte.preparationSurgical.discard.skin Peel.off.and.discard.epidermisKeep.and.wash.decellularized.dermisPeel.off.epidermis.and.scrape.keratinocytes.from.papillary.side Discard.dermis Collect.scraped.cells,.centrifuge.and.pellet Seed.onto.irradiated.3T3.fibroblasts.until.~80%.confluentMigration.ringSilliconesealDED KeratinocytesDEDGHSR.set.up Adhesion/.growth.of.keratinocytesRemoval.of.migration.ring.and.lifting.of.DEDGHSR.to.airGliquid.interface Media&with&factorsxxxxxxxxKeratinocyte.migration.across.DEDPorous.metal.grid Lateral.view.before/after.outgrowth.and.assessment.of.cellular.layer/stratum.corneum After.outgrowth SchematicActual Before.outgrowth Supplementary&figure&1 1.............Dermis.preparation2.............Keratinocyte.preparation 3. 4. 5.Schematic:Histology Stratum.corneumCellular.layer Stratum.corneumCellular.layer Actual:Histology Lateral.migration.and.treatment.of.DEDGHSR. MF PB 0 1 2 3 4Cosmetic score MF PB 0 1 2 3 MF PB 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 MF PB 0 20 40 60 Histological*score Skin*thickness*(μm) %*OGT C. D. E. F. MF PBAi.Aii.Aiii.Aiv.Av. Bi.Bii.Biii.Biv.Bv. Supplementary*figure*2 A.B.C. D. E.F.G.H. Supplementary5figure53 Lane55555555515555555525555553 MF55555555555555555555555555555555555+5555555555??MF?FABP55deplete5555555?+55555555?Captured5FABP5555555555555??+ 020406080100 MFdepleted5MF %5repair5versus5day50MF55555555555555555555FABP55depleted5MF5 *I. J. *K. 00.511.522.53 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsamif 00.511.522.533.54 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsamif 01234 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsangal 00.511.522.53 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsangal 012345 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsafstl1 00.511.522.53 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsafstl1 0123456 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsaccl20 01234 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsaccl20 012345 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsaslpi 00.511.522.533.5 1'hour5'hours24'hours48'hours bsaslpi A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Supplementary7Figure74 Cell'IndexCell'IndexCell'IndexCell'IndexCell'Index Cell'IndexCell'IndexCell'IndexCell'IndexCell'Index *** *

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