Cutaneous Endometriosis: a rare medical entity

Malu Godoy Torres Alves Pereira, Ana Luiza Coutinho Matos Santana, Guilherme Chaves Lima, Gean Moreira Silva Santos, Lohana Guimarães Souza, Michele Cristina Maia, Nicholas Loureiro De Sá, Sherle Katiane Neves Guedes, Grasiely Faccin Borges
In: Brazilian Journal of Health Review · 2023 · vol. 6(4) , pp. 19371–19382 · doi:10.34119/bjhrv6n4-423 · W4386388459
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This integrative review of cutaneous endometriosis, a rare condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, highlights diagnostic challenges and optimal surgical management for favorable outcomes.

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This integrative review examines cutaneous endometriosis, focusing on diagnosis and clinical management, using articles published within the prior 10 years to outline methods and theories. It describes cutaneous endometriosis as rare and accounting for about 5% of reports of extrapelvic endometriosis, with localization mainly in the umbilicus, and reports that diagnosis is challenging but pain and swelling in this region may be indicative. The review states that dermatoscopy and biopsy can aid diagnosis, and that treatment can be surgical or hormonal, with surgical excision preferred and recurrence low after complete excision. The paper notes a lack of scientific studies that makes clinical management difficult, while summarizing best available evidence to support early identification and prevention of complications. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically, a rare presentation as cutaneous (largely umbilical) endometriosis and its diagnostic and management approaches.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is a unique entity described in the extensive literature as the decidualization of endometrial tissues under the influence of gynecologic hormones outside the uterine cavity; Estrogen-dependent endocrine-gynecological pathology, common in women in the fertile period or menopause, a unique entity described as the presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine sites; Cutaneous endometriosis is rare, and accounts for about 5% of reports of extrapelvic endometriosis, localizing mainly in the umbilicus region. To identify scientific findings on the diagnosis and clinical management of this rare clinical entity. Integrative review used in this article aims to review methods, theories and/or empirical studies on a topic; For the construction, six steps were outlined and included articles published in the last 10 running years. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Diagnosis is challenging, but symptoms such as pain and swelling in the umbilicus may be indicative. Dermatoscopy and biopsy are helpful in diagnosis. Treatment can be surgical or hormonal, with surgical excision being the preferred option. Recurrence is low after complete excision. Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate surgery. Cutaneous endometriosis can affect quality of life and fertility, but many women are able to become pregnant after surgical treatment. Preventive measures include care during cesarean section surgery. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare and difficult to diagnose disease. Treatment involves surgical resection with clear margins. The lack of scientific studies makes clinical management difficult, but summarizing the best evidence can help in early identification and prevention of complications.
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Cutaneous Endometriosis: a rare medical entity DOI: https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n4-423Keywords: Cutaneous Endometriosis, woman, EndometriosisAbstract Endometriosis is a unique entity described in the extensive literature as the decidualization of endometrial tissues under the influence of gynecologic hormones outside the uterine cavity; Estrogen-dependent endocrine-gynecological pathology, common in women in the fertile period or menopause, a unique entity described as the presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine sites; Cutaneous endometriosis is rare, and accounts for about 5% of reports of extrapelvic endometriosis, localizing mainly in the umbilicus region. To identify scientific findings on the diagnosis and clinical management of this rare clinical entity. Integrative review used in this article aims to review methods, theories and/or empirical studies on a topic; For the construction, six steps were outlined and included articles published in the last 10 running years. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Diagnosis is challenging, but symptoms such as pain and swelling in the umbilicus may be indicative. Dermatoscopy and biopsy are helpful in diagnosis. Treatment can be surgical or hormonal, with surgical excision being the preferred option. Recurrence is low after complete excision. Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate surgery. Cutaneous endometriosis can affect quality of life and fertility, but many women are able to become pregnant after surgical treatment. Preventive measures include care during cesarean section surgery. Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare and difficult to diagnose disease. Treatment involves surgical resection with clear margins. The lack of scientific studies makes clinical management difficult, but summarizing the best evidence can help in early identification and prevention of complications. 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Cutaneous endometriosis: a differential diagnosis of umbilical nodule. Acta Médica Portuguesa, 33(4), 282-284. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.10966 BENEDETTO, Chiara; CACOZZA, Daniel; COSTA, Daniela de Sousa; CRUZ, Arantxa Coloma; ZOMER, Monica Tessmann; COSMA, Stefano; TRIPPIA, Carlos Henrique; CAVALCANTI, Teresa Cristina Santos; Bindra, V., Sampurna, S., Kade, S., Mohanty, G. S., Madhavi, N., & Swetha, P. (2022). Primary Umbilical endometriosis-case series and review of clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 94, 107134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107134 Bozkurt, M., Çil, A. S., & Bozkurt, D. K. (2014). Intramuscular abdominal wall endometriosis treated by ultrasound-guided ethanol injection. Clinical medicine & research, 12(3-4), 160-165.https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2013.1183 Carr, D., Pootrakul, L., Harmon, J., & Trotter, S. (2015). Cutaneous malignancies of the perineum. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58(1), 158-171. https://doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000079 CASTRO, Gustavo Rodrigues Alves; KONDO, William. Abdominal wall endometriosis: report of 83 cases. International Journal Of Gynecology & Obstetrics, v. 159, n. 2, p. 530-536, 21 mar. 2022. Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14167. Coccia, M.E., Rizzello, F., Nannini, S., et al. (2015) Ultrasound-Guided Excision of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Endometriosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 41, 149-152.https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12502 de Mendonça, M. F. M., da Silva, C. C., Garcia, A. C. C., Reis, L. F., Santiago, A. C. N., de Castro, V. N. S., Melo, M. G. S., & Andrade, V. T. (2021). Endometriose: manifestações clínicas e diagnóstico – revisão bibliográfica / Endometriosis: clinical manifestations and diagnosis - bibliographic review. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 4(1), 3584–3592. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n1-280 Gonzalez, R. H., Singh, M. S., & Hamza, S. A. (2021). Cutaneous Endometriosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. The American journal of case reports, 22, e932493. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.932493 Kaya, Burak; Aslan, Emrah; Cerkez, Cem; Kaygusuz, Gulsah; Serel, Savas. (2012). Endometriose cutânea. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica, v. 27, n. 3, p. 493-495. FapUNIFESP (SciELO). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-51752012000300031. Lopez-Soto, A., Sanchez-Zapata, M. I., Martinez-Cendan, J. P., Reina, S. O., Mañas, C. M. B., & Solano, M. R. (2018). Cutaneous endometriosis: Presentation of 33 cases and literature review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 221, 58-63.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.11.024 Moniruddin, A. B. M., Raihan, H. M. S., Hasan, T., Ferdous, B., Khan, M. R., & Rouf, M. A. (2022). Cutaneous Endometriosis. KYAMC Journal, 12(4), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v12i4.58227 Pessoa, Allen de Souza, Mariz, Juliana Câmara, Martins, Bárbara de Oliveira, Belga, Laura Franco, Costa, Evelyne Mara, & Obadia, Daniel Lago. (2020). Endometriose Cutânea Primária: Diagnóstico Raro e Desafiador. Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 78(4), 70-73. Epub 10 de setembro de 2021.https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.78.4.1275 Raffi, L., Suresh, R., McCalmont, T. H., & Twigg, A. R. (2019). Cutaneous endometriosis. International journal of women's dermatology, 5(5), 384-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.06.025 RIBEIRO, Helizabet Salomão Abdalla Ayroza; FERNANDES, Rodrigo; GALVÃO, Maria Antonieta Longo; ALDRIGHI, José Mendes; RIBEIRO, Paulo Augusto Ayroza Galvão. Análise do grau de diferenciação histológica e da imunoexpressão da BCL 2 e a ciclina D1 em mulheres portadoras de endometriose profunda. Revista Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, v. 3, n. 57, p. 111-119, jul. 2018. RODRIGUES, Luciana Abrantes; ALMEIDA, Stephany Amaral de; FERREIRA, Gabriela Nobre; NUNES, Erica Feio Carneiro; AVILA, Paulo Eduardo Santos. Analysis of the influence of endometriosis on quality of life. Fisioterapia em Movimento, Curitiba, v. 35, p. 1-8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fm.2022.35124. Rolim, J. R., Oso?rio, R. D. C. P., Silva, F. A. da, Pierre, J. F. A., Pierre, G. F. A., Santos, V. de S., Couto, V. M., & Falcão, D. C. (2020). Endometriose: aspectos atuais e perspectivas das pacientes / Endometriosis: current aspects and perspectives of patients. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 3(1), 901–915. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv3n1-071 Santos Filho, Paulo Vicente dos; Santos, Marcelo Protásio dos; Castro, Samanta; Melo, Valdinaldo Aragão de. (2018). Primary umbilical endometriosis. Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, v. 45, n. 3, p. 1-11. FapUNIFESP (SciELO). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20181746. Sharma A, Apostol R. Cutaneous Endometriosis. 2022 Aug 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.

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