“A glimmer of hope” - Perceptions, barriers, and drivers for medicinal cannabis use amongst Australian and New Zealand people with endometriosis: A qualitative study.

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Justin Sinclair, Jason Abbott, Antonina Mikocka-Walus, Cecila Ng, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Previous quantitative research has shown that cannabis use, mostly illicit, is used for symptom management amongst those with endometriosis living in Australia or New Zealand, but the drivers and barriers for use of legal, medicinal cannabis in this population are currently unclear. This study sought to investigate, via online focus-groups, the perceptions, barriers, drivers, and experiences associated with cannabis use, whether legal or illicit, amongst 37 Australians and New Zealanders, aged 18–55, with a medical diagnosis of endometriosis. Previous cannabis usage was not required to participate. Discussion topics included strategies employed to manage symptoms, exploration of current medications, previous use of cannabis for pain management, and interest in using medicinal cannabis as a management strategy. Barriers to medicinal cannabis were also explored. Audio was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a content analysis approach. Of the 37 participants, 73% had used cannabis previously, either recreationally, for symptom management or both. Participants with moderate to severe symptoms of medically diagnosed endometriosis reported inadequacies with their current medical and self-management strategies and were inclined to try medicinal cannabis, both as part of their medical management and as part of a clinical trial. Barriers to medicinal cannabis adoption identified in this cohort included high costs of legal cannabis products, lack of clarity and fairness in current roadside drug testing laws and workplace drug testing policies, concern over the impact of stigma affecting familial, social and workplace life domains, and subsequent judgement and the lack of education/engagement from their medical providers regarding cannabis use. Given the interest in medicinal cannabis and the reported lack of effective symptom management, clinical trials are urgently required to determine the potential role that medicinal cannabis may play in reducing the symptoms of endometriosis. Endometriosis cannabis medicinal cannabis Australia New Zealand Introduction Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent, chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterine cavity,[ 1 , 2 ] and is fairly common, with prevalence rates ranging between 5–11% of women and those assigned female at birth.[ 3 , 4 ] Common symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, period pain, painful urination, back pain and painful sex.[ 5 , 6 ] The severe and unrelenting nature of symptoms can have a deleterious effect across numerous life domains, negatively affecting academic, social, work, and sexual/romantic relationships, which consequently impinge upon mental/emotional well-being.[ 7 , 8 ] Moreover, the disease contributes to a significant cost of illness burden to both individuals and society, [ 9 – 12 ] with lost productivity being the most significant modifiable factor.[ 9 , 10 ] The updated European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines released in 2022[ 13 ] strongly recommend hormone treatments utilising combined hormonal contraceptives, progestogens, or gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists, and surgical removal of lesions, to address endometriosis-associated pain. Surgery studies report short to medium-term reduction in pain,[ 14 ] but these invasive procedures are associated with considerable cost and risk, and require access to skilled surgeons. Opioid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and anti-neuropathic medications have also been used for pain management, but variously, a lack of effectiveness, their side-effects or the risk of addiction limit their long-term use.[ 15 – 17 ] Most endometriosis patients report ongoing challenges with pain and symptom management.[ 18 , 19 ] A modest reduction in pain of just 20% would save approximately AU $ 9,000 per person per year,[ 9 ] in addition to improvements in health-related quality of life. Therefore, effective pain management strategies are vital to reduce these burdens. The chemical constituents of Cannabis spp (mainly phytocannabinoids) such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have well-described analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressant, and anti-emetic actions.[ 20 – 25 ] Previous research has demonstrated that both legal and illicit cannabis is being utilised by endometriosis patients to not only manage pain, but also ameliorate other challenging co-morbid symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, poor sleep, mood disorders and gastrointestinal issues.[ 5 , 26 – 30 ] Australia legalised medicinal cannabis in 2016, with Special Access Scheme (Category B) prescription numbers reaching 268,986 as of July 15th, 2022.[ 31 ] New Zealand adopted the Medicinal Cannabis Scheme in July of 2020, with both countries opting for strict regulatory controls and high quality standards for dispensed medicinal cannabis products. The majority of those with endometriosis report the use of illicit cannabis, even in countries with legal access.[ 27 , 30 ] Therefore, whilst patient uptake of legal cannabis is growing across both countries, what is currently unclear is why those with endometriosis are still commonly choosing to use illicit sources of cannabis. Despite its relative popularity as a self-management strategy [ 26 ], the evidence base for use of medicinal cannabis to manage endometriosis is scarce, and randomised controlled trials or similar prospective designs are urgently needed to determine the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis on endometriosis. Co-design is a crucial aspect of clinical trials, and given that concerns around medicinal cannabis usage have been raised for primary dysmenorrhea (i.e., period pain),[ 32 ] it is crucial that the acceptability and feasibility of using medicinal cannabis is explored, with possible barriers considered, when designing future trials for those with endometriosis. The aims for this study were firstly to explore the drivers and barriers for use of medicinal cannabis in endometriosis with both cannabis consumers and non-consumers, and secondly to investigate concerns about acceptability and feasibility of medicinal cannabis as a potential treatment option for endometriosis pain and symptoms. Materials And Methods Design The present work incorporates both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Quantitative data was collected to determine demographics, previous cannabis use, health-related quality of life, and pain management strategies. However, qualtitative data was the major study focus, using a descriptive approach to focus holistically on the “who, what, when, where and why” of events and experiences, which assisted the gleaning of insight from participants regarding a poorly understood phenomenon.[ 33 ] This qualitative data was analysed using a critical realist lens which supposes the existence of an objective truth, but acknowledges that inquiry and observation are also inevitably ensnared within the subjective perceptions of the researcher.[ 34 ] Population and sampling: This study was approved in December 2020 (Approval #H14115) by the Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee. Study participants who responded to expressions of interest via social media were invited to participate anonymously, with written informed-consent obtained and participant screening conducted prior to formation of the focus groups. Candidates were deemed eligible to participate in the virtual focus-groups if they were currently residing in Australia or New Zealand, were aged between 18 and 55 years, and had been told by their physician that they have endometriosis. It was disclosed within the social media recruitment that the study would be discussing (illicit or legal) cannabis usage, but previous usage of cannabis was not a requirement for participation in this research project, as a variety of opinions were valued, including the interests or concerns of the cannabis-naive. Recruitment was conducted via the social media platforms of Endometriosis Australia and Endometriosis New Zealand, two of the largest endometriosis support and advocacy groups in the region. Due to the potential disclosure of illegal activity, anonymity was considered vital. Prior to focus-group formation, participants supplied a fictitious username in the pre-focus group survey, and then used that username within the virtual focus-groups. This allowed the collection of demographic and quantitative data anonymously while ensuring that only those who attended the focus groups had their demographic and other quantitative data included in the analysis. Focus-groups were conducted virtually via Zoom®, and all participants were asked to keep their cameras turned off, in order to maintain anonymity. This was also important to ensure participants felt more comfortable discussing potentially illegal activity. A total of six online focus-groups were run between the 18th of June and 21st of July, 2021. These groups were stratified according to country (Australia or New Zealand) and by age, with Group 1: 18–24 years, Group 2: 25–35 years and Group 3: 36–55 years. Data collection: Prior to instituting the focus-groups, a quantitative survey link utilising the Qualtrics© platform was provided and data collected on demographics, endometriosis-specific symptoms, and employment of pharmaceutical medications or possible self-management strategies. The Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ) and Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) instruments were used for comparative analysis. The PPIQ aims to assess the impact of pelvic pain, regardless of diagnosis, and has high reliability, easy scoring and sound psychometric performance.[ 35 ] The EHP-30 is a reliable and validated instrument for assessing pain, control and powerlessness, social support, emotional well-being and self-image.[ 36 ] For either of these data instruments, higher scores indicate more impairment across specific domains. For contextual clarity, various self-management strategies were classified as non-pharmacological, physical, or psychological, and could be conducted by oneself, without practitioner assistance. Topics covered in the focus-groups explored possible barriers and drivers for cannabis usage. These included challenges with current medical/self-management strategies, the potential impact of cannabis-associated stigma, medicinal cannabis product costs, drug testing at either work or at roadside mobile drug testing stations, and any substitution of pharmaceuticals by cannabis. Supplementary file S1 provides the questions used in all focus-groups. Data analyses: Analyses and coding of the data used a qualitative descriptive approach.[ 37 ] This methodological approach is both accessible and inclusive, is presented in colloquial language,[ 38 ] and describes a participant summation of their everyday experience. The qualitative descriptive method seeks to capture the meaning attributed by the participant to that experience with as much clarity as possible.[ 39 ] Data analyses were focused on a qualitative content analysis,[ 40 ] with one researcher (JS1) allocating initial “meaning units” that were then condensed into codes. Code patterns were analysed and those sharing similarity were grouped into categories, and subcategories, where relevant. This process was overseen by the primary supervisor and senior author (MA). After a consensus was reached relating to code classification and categorization, quotations in each domain were summarized and presented in a qualitatively descriptive manner. Due to the potentially illegal activities being discussed, anonymity was considered essential, as was attributing accurately the quotes to participants. A code was devised which captured the focus-group (AUS = Australia / NZ = New Zealand), the participant age group (18–24/25–35/36+) and the particular participant (P) in that group being quoted (e.g., Participant 5 from New Zealand in the 36 + group would be represented as NZ-36+; P5). Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviations, or median and interquartile range, were used to report demographic information, symptoms, management strategies, and the PPIQ and EHP-30 scores. Results A total of 39 subjects participated in the online focus-groups. No data on gender identity was collected. Two of the participants did not use the same username in the focus-group as they had provided in the survey, so their quantitative data sets were eliminated, leaving a balance of 37 total participants (Australia n=24 / New Zealand n=13). Table 1 outlines the demographics of participants. Table 1. Participant Demographics Characteristic Average household income Australian (AU$) $81,636.36 New Zealand (NZ$) $142,214.28 Characteristic Combined N=37 Australia n=24 New Zealand n=13 Participant Age median (range) 29 (18-47) 30.5 (20-47) 28 (18-38) Location # Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Urban area ( e.g., city) 32 (86.5) 20 (83.3) 12 (92.3) Rural area 4 (10.8) 3 (12.5) 1 (7.7) Remote area 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Education Did not finish High School 2 (5.4) 1 (4.2) 1 (7.7) Completed High School 6 (16.2) 4 (16.7) 2 (15.4) Diploma / Certificate 11 (29.7) 7 (29.2) 4 (30.8) Bachelor’s Degree 13 (35.1) 8 (33.3) 5 (38.5) Master’s Degree 5 (13.5) 4 (16.7) 1 (7.7) Doctoral Degree ( e.g., PhD) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Previous Cannabis use Yes 27 (73.0) 17 (70.8) 10 (76.9) No 10 (27.0) 7 (29.2) 3 (23.1) Reason for cannabis use Recreational (Rec) 4 (14.8) 2 (11.8) 2 (20.0) Symptom management (SM) 7 (25.9) 4 (23.5) 3 (30.0) Both Rec & SM 16 (59.3) 11 (64.7) 5 (50.0) # Self-reported by participants Table 2 outlines the endometriosis related demographics, symptoms and self-management options. The majority of participants had been diagnosed by laparoscopy (91%), and were less than five years from diagnosis. Both opioids and non-opioids were commonly used pharmaceuticals, while heat and dietary choices were the most popular self-management options. Table 2. Endometriosis Demographics & Symptoms How were you diagnosed? Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Told by doctor / specialist 2 (5.4) 2 (8.3) 0 (0) Surgery (e.g., laparoscopy) 34 (91.9) 22 (91.7) 12 (92.3) Ultrasound 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) How long since diagnosed? Years 4.2 4.5 3.8 Number of doctors seen before diagnosis? Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) 1 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) 2-3 12 (32.4) 7 (29.2) 5 (38.5) 3-5 9 (24.3) 5 (20.8) 4 (30.8) > 5 15 (40.5) 11 (45.8) 4 (30.8) Endometriosis Stage at last surgery? Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Unsure/Don’t know 5 (14.7) 3 (13.6) 2 (16.7) Stage 1 (minimal) 1 (2.9) 1 (4.5) 0 (0) Stage 2 (mild) 7 (20.6) 4 (18.2) 3 (25.0) Stage 3 (moderate) 11 (32.4) 7 (31.8) 4 (33.3) Stage 4 (severe) 10 (29.4) 7 (31.8) 3 (25.0) Endometriosis symptoms experienced Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Period pain 36 (97.3) 24 (100.0) 12 (92.3) Heavy menstrual bleeding 30 (81.1) 20 (83.3) 10 (76.9) Chronic Pelvic Pain (not assoc. with menses) 34 (91.9) 22 (91.7) 12 (92.3) Anxiety 27 (73.0) 17 (70.8) 10 (76.9) Depression 23 (62.2) 15 (62.5) 8 (61.5) Painful sex 28 (75.7) 16 (66.7) 12 (92.3) Difficulties sleeping 22 (59.5) 13 (54.2) 9 (69.2) Fatigue 34 (91.9) 22 (91.7) 12 (92.3) Nausea 28 (75.7) 18 (75.0) 10 (76.9) Back pain 34 (91.9) 21 (87.5) 13 (100.0) Bowel symptoms 28 (75.7) 18 (75.0) 10 (76.9) Bladder symptoms 20 (54.1) 13 (54.2) 7 (53.8) Gastrointestinal symptoms 22 (59.5) 15 (62.5) 7 (53.8) Headache or migraine 25 (67.6) 17 (70.8) 8 (61.5) Other symptoms Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Mood swings a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Abdominal and chest pain a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Nerve pain / sciatica a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Get sick easily a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) Shaking before onset of flare a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) Bloating a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) Pharmaceutical Medication usage Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Non-opioid pain medication (ibuprofen etc. ) 29 (78.4) 18 (75.0) 11 (84.6) Opioid-based pain medication (codeine, oxycodone etc .) 20 (54.0) 14 (58.3) 6 (46.1) Hormonal Rx (OCP, Visanne, Mirena etc .) 25 (67.6) 18 (75.0) 7 (53.8) Anti-anxiety medication (Xanax, Valium etc .) 5 (13.5) 4 (16.7) 1 (7.7) Anti-depressant medication (Prozac etc .) 8 (21.6) 3 (12.5) 5 (38.5) Anti-nausea medication (Maxalon etc .) 3 (8.1) 2 (8.3) 1 (7.7) Sleeping medications 2 (5.4) 1 (4.2) 1 (7.7) Neuroleptic medication 3 (8.1) 0 (0) 3 (23.1) Self-management strategies used b Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Acupressure (self-applied) 6 (16.2) 3 (12.5) 3 (23.1) Breathing exercises 18 (48.6) 11 (45.8) 7 (53.8) Dietary choices (gluten free, dairy free etc .) 23 (62.2) 13 (54.2) 10 (76.9) Dietary supplements (Vit. D, melatonin etc .) 17 (45.9) 11 (45.8) 6 (46.1) Heat (heat packs, hot water bottles) 36 (97.3) 23 (95.8) 13 (100.0) Herbal medicines (purchased OTC) 5 (13.5) 3 (12.5) 2 (15.4) Low intensity aerobic exercise (walking) 18 (48.6) 9 (37.5) 9 (69.2) Massage 11 (29.7) 7 (29.2) 4 (30.8) Meditation 11 (29.7) 7 (29.2) 4 (30.8) Moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise 8 (21.6) 5 (20.8) 3 (23.1) Pilates 4 (10.8) 4 (16.7) 0 (0) Tai Chi 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Yoga 9 (24.3) 7 (29.2) 2 (15.4) Swimming in ocean a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Stretching a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Dance & gym a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) Cupping a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) Other medications / treatment used Combined N (%) Australia n (%) New Zealand n (%) Amitriptyline a 2 (5.4) 1 (4.2) 1 (7.7) Acupuncture/TCM herbal medicine # 5 (13.5) 5 (20.8) 0 (0) Herbal medicine (Herbalist, Naturopath) # 4 (10.8) 4 (16.7) 0 (0) Physiotherapy – Pelvic exercises # 9 (24.3) 5 (20.8) 4 (30.8) Zinc, Fish oil, Magnesium, Vitamin D a 1 (2.7) 0 (0) 1 (7.7) CBD oil a 2 (5.4) 0 (0) 2 (15.4) Cannabis cream applied topically a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) Medicinal cannabis a 1 (2.7) 1 (4.2) 0 (0) a Derived from free text box attached to “other” response option b Strategies that can be done by oneself without practitioner assistance for endometriosis symptom management # Service provided or prescribed by qualified physiotherapist, acupuncturist/TCM practitioner, herbalist or naturopath PPIQ and EHP-30 scores are provided in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Both tools demonstrated a noticeable impact, with the EHP-30 demonstrating a substantive impact to participants in both countries across domains such as self-image, control and powerlessness, and social support. Table 3. Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ) Scores PPIQ descriptor Combined (N=37) Australia (n=24) New Zealand (n=13) Energy levels 3.08 2.96 3.31 Mood 2.89 2.79 3.08 Sleep 2.41 2.21 2.77 Stomach & Intestinal function 2.54 2.38 2.85 Ability to sit longer than 20 minutes 1.68 1.50 2.00 Ability to perform & function normally at home/work/school/university 2.78 2.63 3.08 Ability to take part in physical activity 2.78 2.54 3.23 Ability to wear certain clothes 3.00 2.92 3.15 Pelvic pain affect ability to use tampons 2.26 2.25 2.29 Pelvic pain affect levels of intimacy/sexual relationships 2.85 2.77 3.00 Table 4. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) Scores EHP-30 domain Combined (N=-37) mean (SD) Australia (n=24) mean (SD) New Zealand (n=13) mean (SD) Pain 57.13 (12.47) 55.78 (6.28) 59.62 (2.72) Control and powerlessness 71.13 (15.49) 70.49 (3.01) 74.04 (2.95) Emotional wellbeing 55.18 (15.09) 53.99 (12.21) 57.37 (7.83) Social support 67.23 (14.36) 64.84 (6.24) 71.63 (5.06) Self-image 73.65 (14.95) 70.49 (4.04) 79.49 (4.73) Focus group content analysis Category 1: “It’s completely changed my life” In this study, 73% of participants across both countries had previously used cannabis, with many noticing substantial symptomatic benefit from recreational/social use of illicitly sourced material. Most respondents that medicated with cannabis felt significant reductions in their endometriosis symptoms. However, some noted that they did have previous experiences that were sub-optimal. Some participants also noted that the experience when utilising cannabis changed between social and therapeutic use cases. “ Like, I tried it a few times recreationally and really didn't like it. And then in 2016, I was diagnosed with endometriosis, and gradually my symptoms have gotten worse and worse. And it wasn't until around this time last year that I tried cannabis again. And it's completely changed my life. Like, I found it the best kind of tool to managing the symptoms mentally, the pain. I feel more like myself. It helps with sleep, more energy, all of that .” (AUS-25-35; P11) “ I was using illicit cannabis to treat my pain and psychological symptoms for three years before I was prescribed medical cannabis. And the difference in the treatment that it gives me has been huge. I've been able to not use any other pain relief and just rely on the medicinal cannabis in oil and flower form” (AUS-25-35; P5) “What I have noticed is that when I do smoke recreationally and I'm feeling good, I get high, let's say. But when I'm in a lot of pain, I smoke weed and I don't get that high. It's just like, it doesn't get to my brain, it relaxes me and I feel like it just goes to my body. It's very strange. It's completely different experience when I'm in pain.” (NZ-36+; P2) Category 2: “A glimmer of hope” The majority of focus-group participants reported struggling with feelings of helplessness and frustration due to their failure to find adequate pain and symptom relief from orthodox medical treatments, whether surgical or pharmaceutical. The constant pain impacting their ability to lead a normal life was strongly acknowledged, so too was the hope that another alternative, such as medicinal cannabis, might be a therapeutic option for them. “ ... I've had quite a number of bad experiences with my endometriosis. I've only been diagnosed for four years, but it has been like the hardest four years. Like, I'm facing a fourth surgery now. I've had so many different types of pills and all the different kind of contraceptives there are. Nothing has worked for me. So it's like, to even just have a glimmer of hope that something else may work...” (AU-18-24; P7) “I'm sure everyone else here can get that this is something that doesn't allow you to have a normal life. And for the amount of time that I have had endometriosis, I don't know what living a normal life with no pain is even like, at all, because I was diagnosed when I was really, really young at the age of 16-17. I'm 37 now, and never really lived a life. I just want to live a life, you know…” (NZ-36+; P4) Category 3: “I would… but you’d fine me” Participants reported their experiences, perceptions and general lack of knowledge relating to driving after cannabis use within the context of safety, current roadside drug-testing, and the potential for consequent criminal charges, particularly in Australia where the mere presence of THC in oral fluid constitutes a strict liability offence. Participants were advised on current drug-driving laws, as well as the pharmacokinetics of THC staying detectable for hours to days after infrequent use, or weeks to months with frequent, chronic use, due mainly to phytocannabinoid lipophilicity and distribution characteristics.[41, 42] Most participants suggested that they would not feel comfortable using medicinal cannabis until such “unfair laws” were changed, and that advice from medical practitioners was not clear, or was inaccurate, around cannabis use and driving. Some participants still drove despite the risks, and those in regional and remote locations felt particularly distressed when considering that a vehicle is the only method of transport available to them. “Just wanted to say I live regionally in Victoria. So for me, not driving is almost impossible. We don't really have much infrastructure and public transport, so I have to drive. And I guess I just have to take it upon myself to monitor how I'm feeling the next morning after smoking, like a lot of other people have said on here, codeine does not agree with me. I feel ten times worse after a night of taking two codeine than I do of having a joint before I go to bed”. (AUS-25-35; P6) “I have a confession to make. I do drive. I take that risk every day. I try not to drive long distances for whatever that's worth. I am lucky in that I don't, I live inner city, so things are fairly close by for me. I don't have a family. So any risks that I take, really, it's me that has to deal with the consequences. The way I treat it is the same way as if I'd had a couple of drinks and felt too impaired to drive. If I felt impaired by the THC, I wouldn't get in the car”. (AUS-36+; P3) “I'm ready to go and try and get some for me to try. But since you've mentioned the laws not changing and the length of time that it stays in your system, I'm more hesitant to try until the laws have changed”. (AUS-36+; P8) “Driving is a huge concern for me. I only started taking THC because the doctor that prescribed it assured me that it wouldn't register in any drug driving kit if it was more than 8 hours since I'd taken it. So he said to me, never take it after midnight because I need to be driving to work at 08:00 a.m. Now, however, hearing you say that it could still stay in the system for up to three days or even longer, it really makes me not want to take it at all until the laws have been changed”. (AUS-36+; P4) “I've also been pulled over by a cop and he says, “oh, hun you look at bit, you know, worse for wear” as such. I'm like, “well, yeah, that does it when you haven't had any sleep for like 24 hours and got chronic pain”. And he's like, “oh, just go home and have a joint”. Yeah, well, I would but you'd fine me”. (NZ-36+; P3) Category 4: “Grappling with stigma” Focus-group participants reported on the impact that stigma associated with cannabis has across social, religious, cultural and professional relationships, despite its legality in both countries. The potential for damage to their professional or social standing, if their use of cannabis became known, was of poignant concern. Participants described how they grappled with the judgment of their cannabis use, with many stating they had to use this now-legal medicine in a clandestine manner, in contrast to having worse side-effects from prescribed medicines which impact their ability to conduct their duties. “I don't really have any personal, religious or cultural concerns, so I feel fortunate that that wasn't something I had to grapple with. But I do have concerns. I work in government. And I, you know, therefore, I have to keep it very quiet that I use CBD oil to treat my symptoms. And I guess I also get frustrated because I find it ironic that I can turn up to my job, kind of high as a kite on prescribed medication, but feel completely fine and have managed symptoms on CBD oil, but it'd be a risk to my professional opportunities.” (NZ-25-35: P5) “ I'm a teacher, so if I take CBD oil at school, I have to hide it and take it in private. Whereas if I took an Ibuprofen or anything else, I can just sit there and take one in the middle of a lesson, but I have to be quite secretive about it at work, and then with some people in my private life as well. I also, being a teacher, I couldn't post anything online about using it because that could mess with my job. If a parent was like, you know, she's a drug addict, why are you letting her teach our children?” (NZ-25-35; P7) “But then to chuck in you're taking cannabis oil, they'll make jokes about "oh, do you want to bring some to movie night?" And it's... I think it's just that stigma around it and it's hard to deal with, like with family and even close friends for me, and even my partner to a degree. So it's definitely there, and it's hard to deal with”. (AUS-36+; P5) Category 5: “Substitution effect” Participants described their experiences using legal and non-legal cannabis for their endometriosis symptoms and how this decreased their regular pharmaceutical medication usage. Decreases in opioid, antidepressant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-neuropathic, hormonal and anxiolytic medication has been previously described in the literature[5, 26, 27, 29, 30] for those using cannabis for endometriosis, but there has been a paucity of qualitative data on this topic. Conversely, some participants expressed concern that using cannabis may change the way their other medications work, which was an important consideration for many. Comments around replacing certain pharmaceuticals “cold turkey” with cannabis is also of significant clinical concern for certain medications, and has been highlighted in previous research in the endometriosis cohort.[30] “ I've been using well, it's sort of homemade CBD oil, so it probably has THC in it as well. A friend's dad made it for me about maybe four or five months ago now, but I got an endometriosis diagnosis a couple of years ago, and I find it a really effective replacement for codeine”. (NZ-25-35; P5) “I know when I was on the CBD capsules for the ten days that I tried it, I managed to go cold turkey off my oxycodone daily and was only taking one dose of OxyNorm, whereas I'm normally four doses of OxyNorm a day and then two doses of oxycodone a day on top of everything else…like that in itself just probably made me feel more human”. (NZ-36+; P4) “ Yeah. I mean, the alternative is, you know, dosing up to my eyeballs on codeine, but then that puts me out not only for that day, but I pretty much am out for the whole next day with what I call like a codeine hangover. This is where I just feel ill, and I haven't got that with the cannabis”. (AUS-25-35; P10) “The only thing I bear in mind is obviously all the other medication that you're taking, that it's not going to interfere with it, because I'm taking medication for anxiety and stuff”. (NZ-36+; P4) Category 6: “The cost is prohibitive” Focus-group participants reported varied viewpoints on the cost acceptability of quality-assured medicinal cannabis products versus products obtained from the non-legal “green market”. Taking into account the many medications that patients are already taking to manage their endometriosis, and other co-morbid symptoms and conditions, the majority expressed during focus-group discussions that the cost of legal products was prohibitive, particularly given a lack of government subsidy, such as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), or the ability to utilize private health funds to claim money back. Comments reflecting the expense of normal medical and gynaecological care were common, which deleteriously affected their decisions on being able to afford an alternative such as medicinal cannabis. “ The cost is prohibitive and I have been able to make changes with the medical cannabis where I’m not needing to spend money in other medical areas. But it’s really, really a huge decision again, that I have to make almost every month about whether, okay, yes, I do need this, it helps so much when I reflect on, you know, the pain relief and the mental support. So I make other sacrifices I guess”. (AUS-25-35; P5) “I would look at other options, like getting medicinal cannabis, but at the moment, until I finish my studies, I can’t really afford specialist care, even just for gynaecology. So it’s not really an option”. (AUS-25-35; P9) “No, not prescribed. I do have a script for CBD, but refused to pay the amount they want for it. So it just sits in my drawer somewhere”. (NZ-36+; P3) “For me is not prohibitive, but I find it ridiculous. I would be willing to pay what it takes, what it costs, if it works”. (NZ-36+; P2) “Well, I’m lucky enough to be able to afford it at the moment. I can see how it would be really prohibitive for anyone that was on a lower income or needed a health care card because these medications aren’t on the PBS. And it’s sort of very similar to the fact that excision surgery isn’t widely available to people, or finding a gynaecologist that is an excision specialist and actually knows about endometriosis. All of this stuff is really for people who are privileged. And that’s the unfortunate thing, because really the majority of women, aren’t, you know, in the position necessarily to afford medical cannabis or to receive good care from a gynaecologist that actually knows about endometriosis’. (AUS-36+; P3) Category 7: “Lack of choice…and consistency” Focus-group participants commented on the disparity between Australia and New Zealand when it comes to access to a variety of different medicinal cannabis products and dosage forms. Whilst Australia has had a legal medicinal cannabis program since 2016, New Zealand did not rollout their Medicinal Cannabis Scheme until 2020,[43] which may explain this discrepancy for lack of choice due to the latter nascent industry still becoming established. Participants described a lack of availability of different dosage forms and higher potency THC-based products, with some citing this inequity when compared to the international jurisdictions they had experienced, where both medicinal and recreational/adult-use products are legally available. “I think it’s great that we can get a prescription for it, but if we can’t afford to actually hand in the prescription, or we can’t get a wide range of products, because it can’t just treat everybody with one or two products”. (NZ-25-35; P7) “ So every time I go to the United States, is like, I feel like it’s my dream come true… Yeah, that’s very limiting here, because what you get here is basically, is the idea that one thing fits everybody, and that’s not how it is”. (NZ-36+; P2) “So I guess the availability of it, and the cost, and there are products available in New Zealand, but there’s not that wide of a range. It’s also, I guess, the kinds of products that I could take aren’t as good as I think they should be”. (NZ-25-35; P6) Furthermore, participants did highlight the lack of quality or consistency in products sourced from the illicit market, which raises concern over the lack of quality-assurance in these products as a public safety issue. This could be circumvented by a wider variety of legal dosage forms and a reduction in cost for these products. “I've used several different black-market brands over the last probably four years, all having, I suppose, varied effects as well. I've used balms and I've vaped as well. I'm now on prescription CBD as well as the THC oil because I found what I was using off the black market was....sometimes works, sometimes didn't, and there was absolutely no consistency”. (AUS-36+; P7) Discussion Focus-group participants in this study frequently highlighted that their current medical management of endometriosis-associated pain and related symptoms was sub-optimal. This was their main driver for cannabis use, with the majority using illicitly procured cannabis despite barriers associated with criminal risks, lack of quality assurance and the experience of inconsistent clinical outcomes. Apparently greater barriers associated with prescribed cannabis included the high cost of the quality-assured product; the stigma still surrounding even legal cannabis; an inability for participants to obtain a legal prescription from their doctor due to a doctor-described paucity in evidence; and a lack of medical practitioner knowledge for the prescription of cannabis. Incorrect information conveyed to patients by doctors about current drug-driving laws was also a concern for some who had been told that a THC dose 8 hours before driving would not appear in a roadside (oral swab) drug test. On the contrary, whilst patients would possibly be unimpaired 8 hours post-administration, the highly lipophilic nature of phytocannabinoids[ 42 ] means positive oral swab results for THC would be highly probable [ 44 , 45 ] (dependent on dose and frequency) and could result in criminal charges. Additional barriers to medicinal cannabis utilization included concern over current workplace drug testing policies and roadside drug driving laws, and that even though cannabis was now legally available as a management option, participant real-world experience deemed that others in their life, whether personal or professional, viewed it through a lens of being less legitimate than classically prescribed pharmaceuticals. This weighed heavily on participant considerations for initiating or continuing cannabis use. The cost of legally prescribed medicinal cannabis products was raised as a barrier to access. This has been reported in previous qualitative research on primary dysmenorrhoea,[ 46 ] and in an Australian Senate inquiry report by the Community Affairs References Committee.[ 47 ] Media articles have also identified cost as a major barrier to patient access across New Zealand.[ 48 , 49 ] Product costs, depending on dosage form and phytocannabinoid concentration, can vary widely. The Victorian Government reports that medicinal cannabis products may cost between AU $ 200- $ 4000 per month [ 50 ] depending on the clinical indication. Cannabis industry reports suggest the average monthly cost is declining over time, with 2020 [ 51 ] and 2021 [ 52 ] reports placing the average monthly cost to patients at AU $ 384 and AU $ 278, respectively. Whilst the exact mechanisms for these declining prices are unknown, they are likely the result of growing competition and increased product availability, as the Australian medicinal cannabis cultivation/manufacturing industry matures. However, even these declining costs still represent a significant barrier to more widespread utilization when compared to products available via prescription (e.g., codeine) or over-the-counter (e.g., ibuprofen) access. Additional out-of-pocket costs for prescribed cannabis products include consultation and prescription costs, with initial medical consultations costing between AU $ 300–500,[ 47 ] which may exceed the cost of a specialist gynaecological consultation. Current driving regulations across all states and territories in Australia do not exempt medicinal cannabis use (i.e., provide a medical defense).[ 53 ] The presence of THC constitutes a strict liability offence (i.e., criminal record, fines and driving license disqualification) if detected via a mobile drug testing (MDT) event, despite that test not being able to prove impairment. Participants complained (particularly those in Australia) that it is unfair that the bodily presence of medications such as opioids and benzodiazepines, which have been shown to cause impairment, [ 54 , 55 ] were not of concern for roadside drug testing, and that current laws negatively impacted their decision to explore or continue medicinal cannabis as a potential management option. Patients face the risk of losing their driving license, which represents a threat often too difficult to ignore, considering familial, social and career responsibilities. In addition, for participants living in rural and remote locations, the problem is compounded because of distance, and they struggle to even locate a cannabis prescribing doctor/clinic. In contrast, current New Zealand regulations require both evidence of impairment (i.e., field impairment assessment at roadside by police) and THC presence in blood to constitute an offence.[ 53 ] A recently introduced bill pending in the New Zealand parliament proposed changes to their drug-driving laws, with the inclusion of offences for the presence of THC in oral fluid. However, a medical defense will be available to those prescribed medicinal cannabis.[ 53 , 56 ] Similarly, workplace drug testing policies in both countries were also mentioned as a significant barrier, being described as lagging behind the laws regulating cannabis use as a medicine. Employees in government roles, including teaching, defense, transport, police, maritime and mining activities, all potentially face the prospect of random drug testing, which is deemed as mandatory within their employment contracts, constituting a further barrier to patient utilization. Although legal access policies for medicinal cannabis have been adopted across many international jurisdictions over the previous 20 years, it is not yet normalized as a treatment, with a stigma often associated with its use.[ 57 ] Disapproval, marginalization, discrimination or loss of social status from the wider population are commonly described by users of medicinal cannabis products.[ 58 ] They are also highly vulnerable to the effects of stigma,[ 58 ] with individuals’ fear of discrimination leading to self-perceptions of guilt and shame.[ 58 ] Given the low levels of understanding, funding, education and support for female reproductive conditions, including endometriosis, the additional stigma associated with cannabis use may exacerbate the self-imposed protective isolation that such patients already experience. Participants in this study highlighted substantial concerns around reputational damage, or others perceiving them as irresponsible regarding their legal medicinal cannabis use, particularly in the workplace. This worry demonstrates that despite medicinal cannabis being a legal medicine, much more needs to be done to educate the general public, law enforcement personnel and healthcare providers. Access to medicinal cannabis was raised as a substantive barrier, with many doctors refusing to prescribe it, often citing a lack of evidence as their predominant rationale. Clinical trial results are not currently available to directly support the use of medicinal cannabis for endometriosis, per se . However, indirect evidence resides within data from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration.[ 59 ] They report that as of the 15th of May, 2022, over 115,000 approvals have been granted for chronic pain conditions (of which endometriosis qualifies) through the Special Access Scheme Category B pathway.[ 60 ] Moreover, co-morbid clinical indications commonly experienced by endometriosis patients have also seen consistent approvals, including for anxiety (n = 51,000 approvals), insomnia (n = 6,500), sleep disorders (n = 8000), migraines (n = 1360) and depression (n = 2,200). In New Zealand, cannabidiol based medicines that meet minimum quality standards[ 61 ] are prescription medicines, whereas all other cannabinoid-type medicines (with the exception of Sativex™) are classified as unapproved medicines or controlled drugs, with prescription pathways being more onerous. Official figures for medicinal cannabis approval numbers in New Zealand do not appear to exist in the public domain, although a media source reported that approximately 17,000 New Zealanders had accessed cannabis legally in 2020.[ 62 ] Whilst more significant clinical trial evidence for medicinal cannabis efficacy in endometriosis is required, medical practitioners need to be aware of the role that their behaviours or actions may have in contributing to the stigma of cannabis use as a medicine when communicating with patients. Clearly, as has been demonstrated by this small sample of participants, cannabis use may be a useful management option when all else has failed. Strengths and Limitations A strength of this study was the diversity of voices that were interviewed, allowing for a richness in content and a variety of participant opinions and experiences to be expressed across two countries. Conversely, lower levels of recruitment were experienced in the New Zealand cohort, particularly across the 18–24 (n = 4) and 36 + age (n = 2) groups. Most (73%) of the Australian and New Zealand cohort reported having previously used cannabis, either socially or medically, or both. This is much higher than the usage rate (11.6%) of the general Australian population.[ 63 ] Therefore, it is probable that our participants have a different view on cannabis use than the wider population. Whilst generalizability is not the intended goal within this analysis,[ 64 ] scores for the Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire were comparable to previous endometriosis studies.[ 26 , 29 ] Similarly, the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 scores of study participants were analogous to a recent international survey[ 27 ] of over 1600 responses from 46 countries, suggesting the present participants experienced levels of impact similar to those in the wider endometriosis population. Conclusion People with moderate to severe symptoms of medically-diagnosed endometriosis reported inadequacies with their current medical and self-management strategies, and were optimistically disposed to try medicinal cannabis. A substantial proportion of this cohort already utilise cannabis for this reason and report significant symptomatic relief and substitution of cannabis with current pharmaceuticals, mainly due to reduced side-effects and self-perceived effectiveness. Barriers against the adoption of cannabis use in this cohort included high costs of legal medicinal cannabis products, lack of clarity and fairness in current roadside drug testing laws and workplace drug testing policies, concern over the impact of stigma affecting familial, social and workplace life domains, and subsequent judgement and lack of education / engagement from their medical providers. Given the common nature of endometriosis, and its significant burden on quality of life, with consequent economic hardships, formal trials of cannabis therapies and other types of evidence-based alternatives for symptom management are urgently needed. Declarations Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the participants of this study for their contributions, and also thank Endometriosis Australia and Endometriosis New Zealand for their support in the recruitment of participants for this study. Author Contributions JS1 and MA wrote the main manuscript. JS1 performed focus-group content analysis and data analysis from the quantitative survey, which was supervised by MA. JA, AM-W, SE, CN and JS2 provided feedback to the main manuscript and tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript prior to submission. Funding No specific funding was received for this research project, which forms part of a PhD research project for JS1. Competing interests As a medical research institute, NICM Health Research Institute receives research grants and donations from foundations, universities, government agencies, and industry. Sponsors and donors provide united and tied funding for work to advance the vision and mission of the Institute. JS1 is currently CSO for Australian Natural Therapeutics Group and formerly sat on the scientific advisory board for BioCeuticals. He is also a current member of the scientific advisory board for United in Compassion ( pro bono ), the advisory panel for the Society of Cannabis Clinicians- Australian Chapter (SCCAC – pro bono ) and a board member of the Australian Medicinal Cannabis Association ( pro bono ). JS2 is a scientific advisor to the Australian Natural Therapeutics Group (a cannabis producer and manufacturing company). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. References Johnson NP, Hummelshoj L, Adamson GD, Keckstein J, Taylor HS, Abrao MS, et al. 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Benzodiazepines revisited–will we ever learn? Addiction. 2011;106(12):2086 – 109. Epub 2011/07/01. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03563.x . PubMed PMID: 21714826. Strand MC, Morland J, Slordal L, Riedel B, Innerdal C, Aamo T, et al. Conversion factors for assessment of driving impairment after exposure to multiple benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics or opioids. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;281:29–36. Epub 2017/11/05. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.10.022 . PubMed PMID: 29101905. Drug Driving Testing. Ministry of Transport. New Zealand Government. 2020 [cited 2022 15/05/2022]. Available from: https://www.transport.govt.nz/area-of-interest/safety/drug-driving-testing/ . Reid M. A qualitative review of cannabis stigmas at the twilight of prohibition. J Cannabis Res. 2020;2(1):46. Epub 2021/02/03. doi: 10.1186/s42238-020-00056-8 . PubMed PMID: 33526147; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7819345. Bottorff JL, Bissell LJ, Balneaves LG, Oliffe JL, Capler NR, Buxton J. Perceptions of cannabis as a stigmatized medicine: a qualitative descriptive study. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10:2. Epub 2013/02/19. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-2 . PubMed PMID: 23414118; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3584982. Medicinal Cannabis Special Access Scheme Category B Data Dashboard. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health, Australian Government. 2022 [cited 2022 15/05/2022]. Available from: https://www.tga.gov.au/medicinal-cannabis-special-access-scheme-category-b-data . Special Access Scheme. Australian Government. Department of Health and Aged Care. Therapeutic Goods Administration. 2022 [17 July, 2022]. Available from: https://www.tga.gov.au/form/special-access-scheme . Medicinal Cannabis Agency - Minimum Quality Standard. New Zealand Government. Ministry of Health. [15 July, 2022]. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/regulation-health-and-disability-system/medicinal-cannabis-agency/medicinal-cannabis-agency-information-industry/medicinal-cannabis-agency-working-medicinal-cannabis/medicinal-cannabis-agency-minimum-quality-standard . More than 250,000 Kiwis still accessing medicinal cannabis through black market. Drug Foundation New Zealand. 2022. Available from: https://www.drugfoundation.org.nz/news-media-and-events/more-than-250000-kiwis-still-accessing-medicinal-cannabis-through-black-market/ . Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in Australia Australian institute of Health and Welfare: Australian Government; 2019. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/phe/221/alcohol-tobacco-other-drugs-australia/contents/drug-types/cannabis . Roberts K, Betts D, Dowell T, Nie J-B. Why are we hiding? A qualitative exploration of New Zealand acupuncturists views on interprofessional care. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;52:102419. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102419 . Supplementary Files SupplementaryFile1.docx S1 File. Focus group questions. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2140485","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":142404735,"identity":"7ca23168-0f2b-476e-a056-abea559799d4","order_by":0,"name":"Justin Sinclair","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-3191","institution":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Justin","middleName":"","lastName":"Sinclair","suffix":""},{"id":142405125,"identity":"8b8d39d0-6f4a-4083-b2e2-7d28f72cd176","order_by":1,"name":"Jason Abbott","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UNSW","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jason","middleName":"","lastName":"Abbott","suffix":""},{"id":142405126,"identity":"a5a5d2aa-171a-47e6-b6c4-c04707eebaf4","order_by":2,"name":"Antonina Mikocka-Walus","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Deakin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antonina","middleName":"","lastName":"Mikocka-Walus","suffix":""},{"id":142405127,"identity":"b02bab39-989c-470a-bfb0-cc573c83b592","order_by":3,"name":"Cecila Ng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UNSW","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cecila","middleName":"","lastName":"Ng","suffix":""},{"id":142405128,"identity":"4e5a8a33-9f11-4748-ac95-fd3b2b07c8df","order_by":4,"name":"Jerome Sarris","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jerome","middleName":"","lastName":"Sarris","suffix":""},{"id":142405129,"identity":"5b5e08ee-a27b-447d-9616-e62e4e36a3fd","order_by":5,"name":"Mike Armour","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-9851","institution":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mike","middleName":"","lastName":"Armour","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-10-07 03:12:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":27631525,"identity":"a071dc79-b1f9-4f7f-9c51-25888bf28d12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-11 17:13:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":575869,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2140485/v1/04f41d14-0d17-4112-b91c-036f23f3564c.pdf"},{"id":27631524,"identity":"ca6682ef-cd54-417c-b785-a9457e362d8c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-11 17:13:14","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16310,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS1 File. Focus group questions.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryFile1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2140485/v1/68729ef27ec5bb1f43612a82.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e“A glimmer of hope” - Perceptions, barriers, and drivers for medicinal cannabis use amongst Australian and New Zealand people with endometriosis: A qualitative study.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEndometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent, chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterine cavity,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e] and is fairly common, with prevalence rates ranging between 5\u0026ndash;11% of women and those assigned female at birth.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] Common symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, period pain, painful urination, back pain and painful sex.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] The severe and unrelenting nature of symptoms can have a deleterious effect across numerous life domains, negatively affecting academic, social, work, and sexual/romantic relationships, which consequently impinge upon mental/emotional well-being.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] Moreover, the disease contributes to a significant cost of illness burden to both individuals and society, [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10 CR11\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] with lost productivity being the most significant modifiable factor.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe updated European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) guidelines released in 2022[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] strongly recommend hormone treatments utilising combined hormonal contraceptives, progestogens, or gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists, and surgical removal of lesions, to address endometriosis-associated pain. Surgery studies report short to medium-term reduction in pain,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] but these invasive procedures are associated with considerable cost and risk, and require access to skilled surgeons. Opioid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and anti-neuropathic medications have also been used for pain management, but variously, a lack of effectiveness, their side-effects or the risk of addiction limit their long-term use.[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] Most endometriosis patients report ongoing challenges with pain and symptom management.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] A modest reduction in pain of just 20% would save approximately AU\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e9,000 per person per year,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] in addition to improvements in health-related quality of life. Therefore, effective pain management strategies are vital to reduce these burdens.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe chemical constituents of \u003cem\u003eCannabis spp\u003c/em\u003e (mainly phytocannabinoids) such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have well-described analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressant, and anti-emetic actions.[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] Previous research has demonstrated that both legal and illicit cannabis is being utilised by endometriosis patients to not only manage pain, but also ameliorate other challenging co-morbid symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, poor sleep, mood disorders and gastrointestinal issues.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27 CR28 CR29\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] Australia legalised medicinal cannabis in 2016, with \u003cem\u003eSpecial Access Scheme\u003c/em\u003e (Category B) prescription numbers reaching 268,986 as of July 15th, 2022.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] New Zealand adopted the \u003cem\u003eMedicinal Cannabis Scheme\u003c/em\u003e in July of 2020, with both countries opting for strict regulatory controls and high quality standards for dispensed medicinal cannabis products. The majority of those with endometriosis report the use of illicit cannabis, even in countries with legal access.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] Therefore, whilst patient uptake of legal cannabis is growing across both countries, what is currently unclear is why those with endometriosis are still commonly choosing to use illicit sources of cannabis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite its relative popularity as a self-management strategy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e], the evidence base for use of medicinal cannabis to manage endometriosis is scarce, and randomised controlled trials or similar prospective designs are urgently needed to determine the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis on endometriosis. Co-design is a crucial aspect of clinical trials, and given that concerns around medicinal cannabis usage have been raised for primary dysmenorrhea (i.e., period pain),[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] it is crucial that the acceptability and feasibility of using medicinal cannabis is explored, with possible barriers considered, when designing future trials for those with endometriosis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aims for this study were firstly to explore the drivers and barriers for use of medicinal cannabis in endometriosis with both cannabis consumers and non-consumers, and secondly to investigate concerns about acceptability and feasibility of medicinal cannabis as a potential treatment option for endometriosis pain and symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDesign\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present work incorporates both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Quantitative data was collected to determine demographics, previous cannabis use, health-related quality of life, and pain management strategies. However, qualtitative data was the major study focus, using a descriptive approach to focus holistically on the \u0026ldquo;who, what, when, where and why\u0026rdquo; of events and experiences, which assisted the gleaning of insight from participants regarding a poorly understood phenomenon.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] This qualitative data was analysed using a critical realist lens which supposes the existence of an objective truth, but acknowledges that inquiry and observation are also inevitably ensnared within the subjective perceptions of the researcher.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePopulation and sampling:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e This study was approved in December 2020 (Approval #H14115) by the Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee. Study participants who responded to expressions of interest \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e social media were invited to participate anonymously, with written informed-consent obtained and participant screening conducted prior to formation of the focus groups. Candidates were deemed eligible to participate in the virtual focus-groups if they were currently residing in Australia or New Zealand, were aged between 18 and 55 years, and had been told by their physician that they have endometriosis. It was disclosed within the social media recruitment that the study would be discussing (illicit or legal) cannabis usage, but previous usage of cannabis was not a requirement for participation in this research project, as a variety of opinions were valued, including the interests or concerns of the cannabis-naive. Recruitment was conducted \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e the social media platforms of Endometriosis Australia and Endometriosis New Zealand, two of the largest endometriosis support and advocacy groups in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue to the potential disclosure of illegal activity, anonymity was considered vital. Prior to focus-group formation, participants supplied a fictitious username in the pre-focus group survey, and then used that username within the virtual focus-groups. This allowed the collection of demographic and quantitative data anonymously while ensuring that only those who attended the focus groups had their demographic and other quantitative data included in the analysis. Focus-groups were conducted virtually \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e Zoom\u0026reg;, and all participants were asked to keep their cameras turned off, in order to maintain anonymity. This was also important to ensure participants felt more comfortable discussing potentially illegal activity. A total of six online focus-groups were run between the 18th of June and 21st of July, 2021. These groups were stratified according to country (Australia or New Zealand) and by age, with Group 1: 18\u0026ndash;24 years, Group 2: 25\u0026ndash;35 years and Group 3: 36\u0026ndash;55 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData collection:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e Prior to instituting the focus-groups, a quantitative survey link utilising the Qualtrics\u0026copy; platform was provided and data collected on demographics, endometriosis-specific symptoms, and employment of pharmaceutical medications or possible self-management strategies. The Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ) and Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) instruments were used for comparative analysis. The PPIQ aims to assess the impact of pelvic pain, regardless of diagnosis, and has high reliability, easy scoring and sound psychometric performance.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] The EHP-30 is a reliable and validated instrument for assessing pain, control and powerlessness, social support, emotional well-being and self-image.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e] For either of these data instruments, higher scores indicate more impairment across specific domains.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor contextual clarity, various self-management strategies were classified as non-pharmacological, physical, or psychological, and could be conducted by oneself, without practitioner assistance. Topics covered in the focus-groups explored possible barriers and drivers for cannabis usage. These included challenges with current medical/self-management strategies, the potential impact of cannabis-associated stigma, medicinal cannabis product costs, drug testing at either work or at roadside mobile drug testing stations, and any substitution of pharmaceuticals by cannabis. Supplementary file S1 provides the questions used in all focus-groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analyses:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalyses and coding of the data used a qualitative descriptive approach.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] This methodological approach is both accessible and inclusive, is presented in colloquial language,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] and describes a participant summation of their everyday experience. The qualitative descriptive method seeks to capture the meaning attributed by the participant to that experience with as much clarity as possible.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] Data analyses were focused on a qualitative content analysis,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e] with one researcher (JS1) allocating initial \u0026ldquo;meaning units\u0026rdquo; that were then condensed into codes. Code patterns were analysed and those sharing similarity were grouped into categories, and subcategories, where relevant. This process was overseen by the primary supervisor and senior author (MA). After a consensus was reached relating to code classification and categorization, quotations in each domain were summarized and presented in a qualitatively descriptive manner. Due to the potentially illegal activities being discussed, anonymity was considered essential, as was attributing accurately the quotes to participants. A code was devised which captured the focus-group (AUS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Australia / NZ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New Zealand), the participant age group (18\u0026ndash;24/25\u0026ndash;35/36+) and the particular participant (P) in that group being quoted (e.g., Participant 5 from New Zealand in the 36\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;group would be represented as NZ-36+; P5).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviations, or median and interquartile range, were used to report demographic information, symptoms, management strategies, and the PPIQ and EHP-30 scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 39 subjects participated in the online focus-groups. No data on gender identity was collected. Two of the participants did not use the same username in the focus-group as they had provided in the survey, so their quantitative data sets were eliminated, leaving a balance of 37 total participants (Australia n=24 / New Zealand n=13). Table 1 outlines the demographics of participants.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='line-height:150%;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 1. Participant Demographics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 318.6pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 460.1pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAverage household income\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralian (AU$)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 318.6pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e$81,636.36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand (NZ$)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 318.6pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e$142,214.28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N=37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n=24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n=13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eParticipant Age median (range)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e29 (18-47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e30.5 (20-47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e28 (18-38)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 460.1pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eLocation \u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eUrban area (\u003cem\u003ee.g.,\u003c/em\u003e city)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e32 (86.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e20 (83.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eRural area\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (10.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (12.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eRemote area\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 460.1pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEducation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDid not finish High School\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCompleted High School\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e6 (16.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDiploma / Certificate\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (29.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (29.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBachelor\u0026rsquo;s Degree\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (35.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e8 (33.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eMaster\u0026rsquo;s Degree\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (13.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDoctoral Degree (\u003cem\u003ee.g.,\u003c/em\u003e PhD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePrevious Cannabis use\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 318.6pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e27 (73.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e17 (70.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (27.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (29.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eReason for cannabis use\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eRecreational (Rec)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (14.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (11.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (20.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSymptom management (SM)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (25.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (23.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (30.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 141.5pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBoth Rec \u0026amp; SM\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101.75pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e16 (59.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (64.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112.65pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (50.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:95%;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;font-style:italic;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;line-height:95%;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;font-style:normal;'\u003e# Self-reported by participants\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 outlines the endometriosis related demographics, symptoms and self-management options. The majority of participants had been diagnosed by laparoscopy (91%), and were less than five years from diagnosis. Both opioids and non-opioids were commonly used pharmaceuticals, while heat and dietary choices were the most popular self-management options.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 2. Endometriosis Demographics \u0026amp; Symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:467.55pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHow were you diagnosed?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eTold by doctor / specialist\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (8.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSurgery (e.g., laparoscopy)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e34 (91.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e22 (91.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eUltrasound\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHow long since diagnosed?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eYears\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNumber of doctors seen before diagnosis?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (32.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (29.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e9 (24.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (20.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026gt; 5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e15 (40.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (45.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEndometriosis Stage at last surgery?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eUnsure/Don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (14.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (13.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStage 1 (minimal)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStage 2 (mild)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (20.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (18.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (25.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStage 3 (moderate)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (32.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (31.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (33.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStage 4 (severe)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (29.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (31.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (25.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEndometriosis symptoms experienced\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePeriod pain\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e36 (97.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e24 (100.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHeavy menstrual bleeding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e30 (81.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e20 (83.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eChronic Pelvic Pain (not assoc. with menses)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e34 (91.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e22 (91.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAnxiety\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e27 (73.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e17 (70.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDepression\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e23 (62.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e15 (62.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePainful sex\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e28 (75.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e16 (66.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDifficulties sleeping\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e22 (59.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (54.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e9 (69.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eFatigue\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e34 (91.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e22 (91.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e12 (92.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNausea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e28 (75.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (75.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBack pain\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e34 (91.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e21 (87.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (100.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBowel symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e28 (75.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (75.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBladder symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e20 (54.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (54.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eGastrointestinal symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e22 (59.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e15 (62.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHeadache or migraine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e25 (67.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e17 (70.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eOther symptoms\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eMood swings \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAbdominal and chest pain \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNerve pain / sciatica \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eGet sick easily \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eShaking before onset of flare \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBloating \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePharmaceutical Medication usage\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNon-opioid pain medication (ibuprofen \u003cem\u003eetc.\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e29 (78.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (75.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (84.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eOpioid-based pain medication (codeine, oxycodone \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e20 (54.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e14 (58.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e6 (46.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHormonal Rx (OCP, Visanne, Mirena \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e25 (67.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (75.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAnti-anxiety medication (Xanax, Valium \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (13.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAnti-depressant medication (Prozac \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e8 (21.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (12.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAnti-nausea medication (Maxalon \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (8.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (8.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSleeping medications\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNeuroleptic medication\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (8.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSelf-management strategies used \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAcupressure (self-applied)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e6 (16.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (12.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eBreathing exercises\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (48.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (45.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDietary choices (gluten free, dairy free \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e23 (62.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (54.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDietary supplements (Vit. D, melatonin \u003cem\u003eetc\u003c/em\u003e.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e17 (45.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (45.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e6 (46.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHeat (heat packs, hot water bottles)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e36 (97.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e23 (95.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e13 (100.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHerbal medicines (purchased OTC)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (13.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3 (12.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eLow intensity aerobic exercise (walking)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e18 (48.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e9 (37.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e9 (69.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eMassage\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e11 (29.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e7 (29.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 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\u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCupping \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eOther medications / treatment used\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined N (%) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAmitriptyline \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAcupuncture/TCM herbal medicine \u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (13.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (20.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eHerbal medicine (Herbalist, Naturopath) \u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (10.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePhysiotherapy \u0026ndash; Pelvic exercises \u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e9 (24.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e5 (20.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eZinc, Fish oil, Magnesium, Vitamin D \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCBD oil \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (5.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCannabis cream applied topically \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198.2pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eMedicinal cannabis \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (2.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e0 (0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eDerived from free text box attached to \u0026ldquo;other\u0026rdquo; response option\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eb\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStrategies that can be done by oneself without practitioner assistance for endometriosis symptom management\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Service provided or prescribed by qualified physiotherapist, acupuncturist/TCM practitioner, herbalist or naturopath\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePPIQ and EHP-30 scores are provided in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Both tools demonstrated a noticeable impact, with the EHP-30 demonstrating a substantive impact to participants in both countries across domains such as self-image, control and powerlessness, and social support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 3. Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ) Scores\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePPIQ descriptor\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined (N=37)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia (n=24)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand (n=13)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEnergy levels\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.96\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eMood\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.89\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSleep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.77\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eStomach \u0026amp; Intestinal function\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAbility to sit longer than 20 minutes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1.68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e1.50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAbility to perform \u0026amp; function normally at home/work/school/university\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.78\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAbility to take part in physical activity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.78\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAbility to wear certain clothes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.92\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePelvic pain affect ability to use tampons\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePelvic pain affect levels of intimacy/sexual relationships\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.77\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e3.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 4. Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) Scores\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEHP-30 domain\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eCombined (N=-37) mean (SD)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eAustralia (n=24) mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eNew Zealand (n=13) \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; mean (SD) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003ePain\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e57.13 (12.47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e55.78 (6.28)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e59.62 (2.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eControl and powerlessness\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e71.13 (15.49)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e70.49 (3.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e74.04 (2.95)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eEmotional wellbeing\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e55.18 (15.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e53.99 (12.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e57.37 (7.83)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 176.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003eSocial support\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92.15pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e67.23 (14.36)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid 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solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e70.49 (4.04)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96.35pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:right;line-height:13.0pt;font-size:13px;font-family:\"Palatino Linotype\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e79.49 (4.73)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFocus group content analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 1: \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s completely changed my life\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, 73% of participants across both countries had previously used cannabis, with many noticing substantial symptomatic benefit from recreational/social use of illicitly sourced material. Most respondents that medicated with cannabis felt significant reductions in their endometriosis symptoms. However, some noted that they did have previous experiences that were sub-optimal. Some participants also noted that the experience when utilising cannabis changed between social and therapeutic use cases.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eLike, I tried it a few times recreationally and really didn\u0026apos;t like it. And then in 2016, I was diagnosed with endometriosis, and gradually my symptoms have gotten worse and worse. And it wasn\u0026apos;t until around this time last year that I tried cannabis again. And it\u0026apos;s completely changed my life. Like, I found it the best kind of tool to managing the symptoms mentally, the pain. I feel more like myself. It helps with sleep, more energy, all of that\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e (AUS-25-35; P11) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eI was using illicit cannabis to treat my pain and psychological symptoms for three years before I was prescribed medical cannabis. And the difference in the treatment that it gives me has been huge. I\u0026apos;ve been able to not use any other pain relief and just rely on the medicinal cannabis in oil and flower form\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e (AUS-25-35; P5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;What I have noticed is that when I do smoke recreationally and I\u0026apos;m feeling good, I get high, let\u0026apos;s say. But when I\u0026apos;m in a lot of pain, I smoke weed and I don\u0026apos;t get that high. It\u0026apos;s just like, it doesn\u0026apos;t get to my brain, it relaxes me and I feel like it just goes to my body. It\u0026apos;s very strange. It\u0026apos;s completely different experience when I\u0026apos;m in pain.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e (NZ-36+; P2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 2: \u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;A glimmer of hope\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of focus-group participants reported struggling with feelings of helplessness and frustration due to their failure to find adequate pain and symptom relief from orthodox medical treatments, whether surgical or pharmaceutical. The constant pain impacting their ability to lead a normal life was strongly acknowledged, so too was the hope that another alternative, such as medicinal cannabis, might be a therapeutic option for them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e... I\u0026apos;ve had quite a number of bad experiences with my endometriosis. I\u0026apos;ve only been diagnosed for four years, but it has been like the hardest four years. Like, I\u0026apos;m facing a fourth surgery now. I\u0026apos;ve had so many different types of pills and all the different kind of contraceptives there are. Nothing has worked for me. So it\u0026apos;s like, to even just have a glimmer of hope that something else may work...\u0026rdquo; (AU-18-24; P7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I\u0026apos;m sure everyone else here can get that this is something that doesn\u0026apos;t allow you to have a normal life. And for the amount of time that I have had endometriosis, I don\u0026apos;t know what living a normal life with no pain is even like, at all, because I was diagnosed when I was really, really young at the age of 16-17. I\u0026apos;m 37 now, and never really lived a life. I just want to live a life, you know\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(NZ-36+; P4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 3: \u0026ldquo;I would\u0026hellip; but you\u0026rsquo;d fine me\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants reported their experiences, perceptions and general lack of knowledge relating to driving after cannabis use within the context of safety, current roadside drug-testing, and the potential for consequent criminal charges, particularly in Australia where the mere presence of THC in oral fluid constitutes a strict liability offence. Participants were advised on current drug-driving laws, as well as the pharmacokinetics of THC staying detectable for hours to days after infrequent use, or weeks to months with frequent, chronic use, due mainly to phytocannabinoid lipophilicity and distribution characteristics.[41, 42]\u0026nbsp;Most participants suggested that they would not feel comfortable using medicinal cannabis until such \u0026ldquo;unfair laws\u0026rdquo; were changed, and that advice from medical practitioners was not clear, or was inaccurate, around cannabis use and driving. Some participants still drove despite the risks, and those in regional and remote locations felt particularly distressed when considering that a vehicle is the only method of transport available to them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Just wanted to say I live regionally in Victoria. So for me, not driving is almost impossible. We don\u0026apos;t really have much infrastructure and public transport, so I have to drive. And I guess I just have to take it upon myself to monitor how I\u0026apos;m feeling the next morning after smoking, like a lot of other people have said on here, codeine does not agree with me. I feel ten times worse after a night of taking two codeine than I do of having a joint before I go to bed\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-25-35; P6)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I have a confession to make. I do drive. I take that risk every day. I try not to drive long distances for whatever that\u0026apos;s worth. I am lucky in that I don\u0026apos;t, I live inner city, so things are fairly close by for me. I don\u0026apos;t have a family. So any risks that I take, really, it\u0026apos;s me that has to deal with the consequences. The way I treat it is the same way as if I\u0026apos;d had a couple of drinks and felt too impaired to drive. If I felt impaired by the THC, I wouldn\u0026apos;t get in the car\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-36+; P3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I\u0026apos;m ready to go and try and get some for me to try. But since you\u0026apos;ve mentioned the laws not changing and the length of time that it stays in your system, I\u0026apos;m more hesitant to try until the laws have changed\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-36+; P8)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Driving is a huge concern for me. I only started taking THC because the doctor that prescribed it assured me that it wouldn\u0026apos;t register in any drug driving kit if it was more than 8 hours since I\u0026apos;d taken it. So he said to me, never take it after midnight because I need to be driving to work at 08:00 a.m. Now, however, hearing you say that it could still stay in the system for up to three days or even longer, it really makes me not want to take it at all until the laws have been changed\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-36+; P4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I\u0026apos;ve also been pulled over by a cop and he says, \u0026ldquo;oh, hun you look at bit, you know, worse for wear\u0026rdquo; as such. I\u0026apos;m like, \u0026ldquo;well, yeah, that does it when you haven\u0026apos;t had any sleep for like 24 hours and got chronic pain\u0026rdquo;. And he\u0026apos;s like, \u0026ldquo;oh, just go home and have a joint\u0026rdquo;. Yeah, well, I would but you\u0026apos;d fine me\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 4: \u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;Grappling with stigma\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocus-group participants reported on the impact that stigma associated with cannabis has across social, religious, cultural and professional relationships, despite its legality in both countries. The potential for damage to their professional or social standing, if their use of cannabis became known, was of poignant concern. Participants described how they grappled with the judgment of their cannabis use, with many stating they had to use this now-legal medicine in a clandestine manner, in contrast to having worse side-effects from prescribed medicines which impact their ability to conduct their duties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;don\u0026apos;t really have any personal, religious or cultural concerns, so I feel fortunate that that wasn\u0026apos;t something I had to grapple with. But I do have concerns. I work in government. And I, you know, therefore, I have to keep it very quiet that I use CBD oil to treat my symptoms. And I guess I also get frustrated because I find it ironic that I can turn up to my job, kind of high as a kite on prescribed medication, but feel completely fine and have managed symptoms on CBD oil, but it\u0026apos;d be a risk to my professional opportunities.\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e(NZ-25-35: P5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eI\u0026apos;m a teacher, so if I take CBD oil at school, I have to hide it and take it in private. Whereas if I took an Ibuprofen or anything else, I can just sit there and take one in the middle of a lesson, but I have to be quite secretive about it at work, and then with some people in my private life as well. I also, being a teacher, I couldn\u0026apos;t post anything online about using it because that could mess with my job. If a parent was like, you know, she\u0026apos;s a drug addict, why are you letting her teach our children?\u0026rdquo; (NZ-25-35; P7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026ldquo;But then to chuck in you\u0026apos;re taking cannabis oil, they\u0026apos;ll make jokes about \u0026quot;oh, do you want to bring some to movie night?\u0026quot; And it\u0026apos;s... I think it\u0026apos;s just that stigma around it and it\u0026apos;s hard to deal with, like with family and even close friends for me, and even my partner to a degree. So it\u0026apos;s definitely there, and it\u0026apos;s hard to deal with\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-36+; P5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 5: \u0026ldquo;Substitution effect\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants described their experiences using legal and non-legal cannabis for their endometriosis symptoms and how this decreased their regular pharmaceutical medication usage. Decreases in opioid, antidepressant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-neuropathic, hormonal and anxiolytic medication has been previously described in the literature[5, 26, 27, 29, 30]\u0026nbsp;for those using cannabis for endometriosis, but there has been a paucity of qualitative data on this topic. Conversely, some participants expressed concern that using cannabis may change the way their other medications work, which was an important consideration for many. Comments around replacing certain pharmaceuticals \u0026ldquo;cold turkey\u0026rdquo; with cannabis is also of significant clinical concern for certain medications, and has been highlighted in previous research in the endometriosis cohort.[30]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eI\u0026apos;ve been using well, it\u0026apos;s sort of homemade CBD oil, so it probably has THC in it as well. A friend\u0026apos;s dad made it for me about maybe four or five months ago now, but I got an endometriosis diagnosis a couple of years ago, and I find it a really effective replacement for codeine\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-25-35; P5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I know when I was on the CBD capsules for the ten days that I tried it, I managed to go cold turkey off my oxycodone daily and was only taking one dose of OxyNorm, whereas I\u0026apos;m normally four doses of OxyNorm a day and then two doses of oxycodone a day on top of everything else\u0026hellip;like that in itself just probably made me feel more human\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eYeah. I mean, the alternative is, you know, dosing up to my eyeballs on codeine, but then that puts me out not only for that day, but I pretty much am out for the whole next day with what I call like a codeine hangover. This is where I just feel ill, and I haven\u0026apos;t got that with the cannabis\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-25-35; P10)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;The only thing I bear in mind is obviously all the other medication that you\u0026apos;re taking, that it\u0026apos;s not going to interfere with it, because I\u0026apos;m taking medication for anxiety and stuff\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 6: \u0026ldquo;The cost is prohibitive\u0026rdquo;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocus-group participants reported varied viewpoints on the cost acceptability of quality-assured medicinal cannabis products \u003cem\u003eversus\u003c/em\u003e products obtained from the non-legal \u0026ldquo;green market\u0026rdquo;. Taking into account the many medications that patients are already taking to manage their endometriosis, and other co-morbid symptoms and conditions, the majority expressed during focus-group discussions that the cost of legal products was prohibitive, particularly given a lack of government subsidy, such as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), or the ability to utilize private health funds to claim money back. Comments reflecting the expense of normal medical and gynaecological care were common, which deleteriously affected their decisions on being able to afford an alternative such as medicinal cannabis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe cost is prohibitive and I have been able to make changes with the medical cannabis where I\u0026rsquo;m not needing to spend money in other medical areas. But it\u0026rsquo;s really, really a huge decision again, that I have to make almost every month about whether, okay, yes, I do need this, it helps so much when I reflect on, you know, the pain relief and the mental support. So I make other sacrifices I guess\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-25-35; P5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I would look at other options, like getting medicinal cannabis, but at the moment, until I finish my studies, I can\u0026rsquo;t really afford specialist care, even just for gynaecology. So it\u0026rsquo;s not really an option\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-25-35; P9)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;No, not prescribed. I do have a script for CBD, but refused to pay the amount they want for it. So it just sits in my drawer somewhere\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;For me is not prohibitive, but I find it ridiculous. I would be willing to pay what it takes, what it costs, if it works\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Well, I\u0026rsquo;m lucky enough to be able to afford it at the moment. I can see how it would be really prohibitive for anyone that was on a lower income or needed a health care card because these medications aren\u0026rsquo;t on the PBS. And it\u0026rsquo;s sort of very similar to the fact that excision surgery isn\u0026rsquo;t widely available to people, or finding a gynaecologist that is an excision specialist and actually knows about endometriosis. All of this stuff is really for people who are privileged. And that\u0026rsquo;s the unfortunate thing, because really the majority of women, aren\u0026rsquo;t, you know, in the position necessarily to afford medical cannabis or to receive good care from a gynaecologist that actually knows about endometriosis\u0026rsquo;. (AUS-36+; P3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCategory 7: \u0026ldquo;Lack of choice\u0026hellip;and consistency\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocus-group participants commented on the disparity between Australia and New Zealand when it comes to access to a variety of different medicinal cannabis products and dosage forms. Whilst Australia has had a legal medicinal cannabis program since 2016, New Zealand did not rollout their \u003cem\u003eMedicinal Cannabis Scheme\u003c/em\u003e until 2020,[43]\u0026nbsp;which may explain this discrepancy for lack of choice due to the latter nascent industry still becoming established. Participants described a lack of availability of different dosage forms and higher potency THC-based products, with some citing this inequity when compared to the international jurisdictions they had experienced, where both medicinal and recreational/adult-use products are legally available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I think it\u0026rsquo;s great that we can get a prescription for it, but if we can\u0026rsquo;t afford to actually hand in the prescription, or we can\u0026rsquo;t get a wide range of products, because it can\u0026rsquo;t just treat everybody with one or two products\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-25-35; P7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eSo every time I go to the United States, is like, I feel like it\u0026rsquo;s my dream come true\u0026hellip;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Yeah, that\u0026rsquo;s very limiting here, because what you get here is basically, is the idea that one thing fits everybody, and that\u0026rsquo;s not how it is\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-36+; P2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;So I guess the availability of it, and the cost, and there are products available in New Zealand, but there\u0026rsquo;s not that wide of a range. It\u0026rsquo;s also, I guess, the kinds of products that I could take aren\u0026rsquo;t as good as I think they should be\u0026rdquo;. (NZ-25-35; P6)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, participants did highlight the lack of quality or consistency in products sourced from the illicit market, which raises concern over the lack of quality-assurance in these products as a public safety issue. This could be circumvented by a wider variety of legal dosage forms and a reduction in cost for these products.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;I\u0026apos;ve used several different black-market brands over the last probably four years, all having, I suppose, varied effects as well. I\u0026apos;ve used balms and I\u0026apos;ve vaped as well. I\u0026apos;m now on prescription CBD as well as the THC oil because I found what I was using off the black market was....sometimes works, sometimes didn\u0026apos;t, and there was absolutely no consistency\u0026rdquo;. (AUS-36+; P7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocus-group participants in this study frequently highlighted that their current medical management of endometriosis-associated pain and related symptoms was sub-optimal. This was their main driver for cannabis use, with the majority using illicitly procured cannabis despite barriers associated with criminal risks, lack of quality assurance and the experience of inconsistent clinical outcomes. Apparently greater barriers associated with prescribed cannabis included the high cost of the quality-assured product; the stigma still surrounding even legal cannabis; an inability for participants to obtain a legal prescription from their doctor due to a doctor-described paucity in evidence; and a lack of medical practitioner knowledge for the prescription of cannabis. Incorrect information conveyed to patients by doctors about current drug-driving laws was also a concern for some who had been told that a THC dose 8 hours before driving would not appear in a roadside (oral swab) drug test. On the contrary, whilst patients would possibly be unimpaired 8 hours post-administration, the highly lipophilic nature of phytocannabinoids[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e] means positive oral swab results for THC would be highly probable [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e] (dependent on dose and frequency) and could result in criminal charges. Additional barriers to medicinal cannabis utilization included concern over current workplace drug testing policies and roadside drug driving laws, and that even though cannabis was now legally available as a management option, participant real-world experience deemed that others in their life, whether personal or professional, viewed it through a lens of being less legitimate than classically prescribed pharmaceuticals. This weighed heavily on participant considerations for initiating or continuing cannabis use.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cost of legally prescribed medicinal cannabis products was raised as a barrier to access. This has been reported in previous qualitative research on primary dysmenorrhoea,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e] and in an Australian Senate inquiry report by the Community Affairs References Committee.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e] Media articles have also identified cost as a major barrier to patient access across New Zealand.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e] Product costs, depending on dosage form and phytocannabinoid concentration, can vary widely. The Victorian Government reports that medicinal cannabis products may cost between AU\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e200-\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e4000 per month [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e] depending on the clinical indication. Cannabis industry reports suggest the average monthly cost is declining over time, with 2020 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e] and 2021 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e] reports placing the average monthly cost to patients at AU\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e384 and AU\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e278, respectively. Whilst the exact mechanisms for these declining prices are unknown, they are likely the result of growing competition and increased product availability, as the Australian medicinal cannabis cultivation/manufacturing industry matures. However, even these declining costs still represent a significant barrier to more widespread utilization when compared to products available \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e prescription (e.g., codeine) or over-the-counter (e.g., ibuprofen) access. Additional out-of-pocket costs for prescribed cannabis products include consultation and prescription costs, with initial medical consultations costing between AU\u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e300\u0026ndash;500,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e] which may exceed the cost of a specialist gynaecological consultation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent driving regulations across all states and territories in Australia do not exempt medicinal cannabis use (i.e., provide a medical defense).[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e] The presence of THC constitutes a strict liability offence (i.e., criminal record, fines and driving license disqualification) if detected \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e a mobile drug testing (MDT) event, despite that test not being able to prove impairment. Participants complained (particularly those in Australia) that it is unfair that the bodily presence of medications such as opioids and benzodiazepines, which have been shown to cause impairment, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e] were not of concern for roadside drug testing, and that current laws negatively impacted their decision to explore or continue medicinal cannabis as a potential management option. Patients face the risk of losing their driving license, which represents a threat often too difficult to ignore, considering familial, social and career responsibilities. In addition, for participants living in rural and remote locations, the problem is compounded because of distance, and they struggle to even locate a cannabis prescribing doctor/clinic. In contrast, current New Zealand regulations require both evidence of impairment (i.e., field impairment assessment at roadside by police) and THC presence in blood to constitute an offence.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e] A recently introduced bill pending in the New Zealand parliament proposed changes to their drug-driving laws, with the inclusion of offences for the presence of THC in oral fluid. However, a medical defense will be available to those prescribed medicinal cannabis.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e] Similarly, workplace drug testing policies in both countries were also mentioned as a significant barrier, being described as lagging behind the laws regulating cannabis use as a medicine. Employees in government roles, including teaching, defense, transport, police, maritime and mining activities, all potentially face the prospect of random drug testing, which is deemed as mandatory within their employment contracts, constituting a further barrier to patient utilization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough legal access policies for medicinal cannabis have been adopted across many international jurisdictions over the previous 20 years, it is not yet normalized as a treatment, with a stigma often associated with its use.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e] Disapproval, marginalization, discrimination or loss of social status from the wider population are commonly described by users of medicinal cannabis products.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e] They are also highly vulnerable to the effects of stigma,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e] with individuals\u0026rsquo; fear of discrimination leading to self-perceptions of guilt and shame.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e] Given the low levels of understanding, funding, education and support for female reproductive conditions, including endometriosis, the additional stigma associated with cannabis use may exacerbate the self-imposed protective isolation that such patients already experience. Participants in this study highlighted substantial concerns around reputational damage, or others perceiving them as irresponsible regarding their legal medicinal cannabis use, particularly in the workplace. This worry demonstrates that despite medicinal cannabis being a legal medicine, much more needs to be done to educate the general public, law enforcement personnel and healthcare providers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to medicinal cannabis was raised as a substantive barrier, with many doctors refusing to prescribe it, often citing a lack of evidence as their predominant rationale. Clinical trial results are not currently available to directly support the use of medicinal cannabis for endometriosis, \u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e. However, indirect evidence resides within data from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e] They report that as of the 15th of May, 2022, over 115,000 approvals have been granted for chronic pain conditions (of which endometriosis qualifies) through the \u003cem\u003eSpecial Access Scheme\u003c/em\u003e Category B pathway.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e] Moreover, co-morbid clinical indications commonly experienced by endometriosis patients have also seen consistent approvals, including for anxiety (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;51,000 approvals), insomnia (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6,500), sleep disorders (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8000), migraines (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1360) and depression (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2,200). In New Zealand, cannabidiol based medicines that meet minimum quality standards[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e] are prescription medicines, whereas all other cannabinoid-type medicines (with the exception of Sativex\u0026trade;) are classified as unapproved medicines or controlled drugs, with prescription pathways being more onerous. Official figures for medicinal cannabis approval numbers in New Zealand do not appear to exist in the public domain, although a media source reported that approximately 17,000 New Zealanders had accessed cannabis legally in 2020.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e] Whilst more significant clinical trial evidence for medicinal cannabis efficacy in endometriosis is required, medical practitioners need to be aware of the role that their behaviours or actions may have in contributing to the stigma of cannabis use as a medicine when communicating with patients. Clearly, as has been demonstrated by this small sample of participants, cannabis use may be a useful management option when all else has failed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths and Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA strength of this study was the diversity of voices that were interviewed, allowing for a richness in content and a variety of participant opinions and experiences to be expressed across two countries. Conversely, lower levels of recruitment were experienced in the New Zealand cohort, particularly across the 18\u0026ndash;24 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4) and 36\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;age (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2) groups. Most (73%) of the Australian and New Zealand cohort reported having previously used cannabis, either socially or medically, or both. This is much higher than the usage rate (11.6%) of the general Australian population.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e] Therefore, it is probable that our participants have a different view on cannabis use than the wider population. Whilst generalizability is not the intended goal within this analysis,[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e] scores for the Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire were comparable to previous endometriosis studies.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] Similarly, the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 scores of study participants were analogous to a recent international survey[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e] of over 1600 responses from 46 countries, suggesting the present participants experienced levels of impact similar to those in the wider endometriosis population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople with moderate to severe symptoms of medically-diagnosed endometriosis reported inadequacies with their current medical and self-management strategies, and were optimistically disposed to try medicinal cannabis. A substantial proportion of this cohort already utilise cannabis for this reason and report significant symptomatic relief and substitution of cannabis with current pharmaceuticals, mainly due to reduced side-effects and self-perceived effectiveness. Barriers against the adoption of cannabis use in this cohort included high costs of legal medicinal cannabis products, lack of clarity and fairness in current roadside drug testing laws and workplace drug testing policies, concern over the impact of stigma affecting familial, social and workplace life domains, and subsequent judgement and lack of education / engagement from their medical providers. Given the common nature of endometriosis, and its significant burden on quality of life, with consequent economic hardships, formal trials of cannabis therapies and other types of evidence-based alternatives for symptom management are urgently needed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank the participants of this study for their contributions, and also thank Endometriosis Australia and Endometriosis New Zealand for their support in the recruitment of participants for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJS1 and MA wrote the main manuscript. JS1 performed focus-group content analysis and data analysis from the quantitative survey, which was supervised by MA. JA, AM-W, SE, CN and JS2 provided feedback to the main manuscript and tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript prior to submission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo specific funding was received for this research project, which forms part of a PhD research project for JS1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a medical research institute, NICM Health Research Institute receives research grants and donations from foundations, universities, government agencies, and industry. Sponsors and donors provide united and tied funding for work to advance the vision and mission of the Institute. JS1 is currently CSO for Australian Natural Therapeutics Group and formerly sat on the scientific advisory board for BioCeuticals. He is also a current member of the scientific advisory board for United in Compassion (\u003cem\u003epro bono\u003c/em\u003e), the advisory panel for the Society of Cannabis Clinicians- Australian Chapter (SCCAC \u0026ndash; \u003cem\u003epro bono\u003c/em\u003e) and a board member of the Australian Medicinal Cannabis Association (\u003cem\u003epro bono\u003c/em\u003e). JS2 is a scientific advisor to the Australian Natural Therapeutics Group (a cannabis producer and manufacturing company). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohnson NP, Hummelshoj L, Adamson GD, Keckstein J, Taylor HS, Abrao MS, et al. World Endometriosis Society consensus on the classification of endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(2):315\u0026ndash;24. 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Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;52:102419. doi: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102419\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102419\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Endometriosis, cannabis, medicinal cannabis, Australia, New Zealand","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePrevious quantitative research has shown that cannabis use, mostly illicit, is used for symptom management amongst those with endometriosis living in Australia or New Zealand, but the drivers and barriers for use of legal, medicinal cannabis in this population are currently unclear. This study sought to investigate, \u003cem\u003evia\u003c/em\u003e online focus-groups, the perceptions, barriers, drivers, and experiences associated with cannabis use, whether legal or illicit, amongst 37 Australians and New Zealanders, aged 18\u0026ndash;55, with a medical diagnosis of endometriosis. Previous cannabis usage was not required to participate. Discussion topics included strategies employed to manage symptoms, exploration of current medications, previous use of cannabis for pain management, and interest in using medicinal cannabis as a management strategy. Barriers to medicinal cannabis were also explored. Audio was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a content analysis approach. Of the 37 participants, 73% had used cannabis previously, either recreationally, for symptom management or both. Participants with moderate to severe symptoms of medically diagnosed endometriosis reported inadequacies with their current medical and self-management strategies and were inclined to try medicinal cannabis, both as part of their medical management and as part of a clinical trial. Barriers to medicinal cannabis adoption identified in this cohort included high costs of legal cannabis products, lack of clarity and fairness in current roadside drug testing laws and workplace drug testing policies, concern over the impact of stigma affecting familial, social and workplace life domains, and subsequent judgement and the lack of education/engagement from their medical providers regarding cannabis use. Given the interest in medicinal cannabis and the reported lack of effective symptom management, clinical trials are urgently required to determine the potential role that medicinal cannabis may play in reducing the symptoms of endometriosis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"“A glimmer of hope” - Perceptions, barriers, and drivers for medicinal cannabis use amongst Australian and New Zealand people with endometriosis: A qualitative study.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-10-11 17:13:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2140485/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"763d5e9a-9119-446f-af49-95120772af1f","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 11th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-10-11T17:13:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-10-11 17:13:12","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2140485","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2140485","identity":"rs-2140485","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"B-jG_2CBjPDmsCi4Wdhf-","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}