Laparoscopic evaluation of female infertility in low socioeconomic status

Chesta Saini, Ashoo Gupta, Kishore Rajurkar, Kartik Saxena, Kartik Saini, Kanchan Saini, Rijul Saini
In: International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2018 · vol. 7(8) , pp. 3232 · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183323 · W2884699161
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

This study evaluated factors for primary and secondary infertility in 50 low socioeconomic status women using laparoscopy, finding tuberculosis and pelvic inflammatory disease to be the most common causes.

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This prospective observational study evaluated factors associated with primary and secondary infertility among 50 reproductive-age women from low socioeconomic status using laparoscopic assessment over a 2-year period at a single obstetrics and gynecology department. The authors reported that tuberculosis was the largest contributor in primary infertility (27.02%), followed by ovarian cysts (16.22%), adhesions (10.81%), polycystic ovaries (10.81%), and pelvic inflammatory disease (10.81%), while secondary infertility was most often associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (23.07%), tuberculosis (15.38%), adhesions (15.38%), and endometriosis (7.69%). A major limitation noted in the framing of this work is its small sample size and single-center design, which may restrict generalizability beyond the study setting. Relevance to endometriosis: endometriosis is identified as a key factor in secondary infertility in this laparoscopic evaluation (7.69%), though the overall study’s main emphasis is infertility causes in low socioeconomic status rather than endometriosis specifically.

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Abstract

Background: Infertility is a multidimensional health issue which is rising dramatically. The common causes include ovarian, uterine, tubal disorders, hormonal imbalance, age-related factors and lifestyle factors. The low economic strata poses a subset of problems like difficulty in seeking healthcare, treatment costs and poor compliance. Authors sought to evaluate the factors for primary and secondary infertility in women of reproductive age group who belong to low socio-economic strata using laparoscopy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department at Sanjay Gandhi memorial hospital, Delhi comprising 50 infertile women of reproductive age group belonging to low socioeconomic class for a period of 2 years from June 2015 onwards.Results: Among primary infertility, tuberculosis (27.02%), ovarian cyst (16.22%), adhesions (10.81%), polycystic ovaries (10.81%) and Pelvic inflammatory disease (10.81%) were the major findings whereas in secondary infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease (23.07%), tuberculosis (15.38%), adhesions (15.38%) and endometriosis (7.69%) were the major factors seen in the study.Conclusions: Tuberculosis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the major factors seen in infertile women of low socioeconomic status thus, they should be kept high on the list of differential diagnosis even if the investigative work up is negative.
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Background

Infertility is a multidimensional health issue which is rising dramatically. The common causes include ovarian, uterine, tubal disorders, hormonal imbalance, age-related factors and lifestyle factors. The low economic strata poses a subset of problems like difficulty in seeking healthcare, treatment costs and poor compliance. Authors sought to evaluate the factors for primary and secondary infertility in women of reproductive age group who belong to low socio-economic strata using laparoscopy.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department at Sanjay Gandhi memorial hospital, Delhi comprising 50 infertile women of reproductive age group belonging to low socioeconomic class for a period of 2 years from June 2015 onwards.

Results

Among primary infertility, tuberculosis (27.02%), ovarian cyst (16.22%), adhesions (10.81%), polycystic ovaries (10.81%) and Pelvic inflammatory disease (10.81%) were the major findings whereas in secondary infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease (23.07%), tuberculosis (15.38%), adhesions (15.38%) and endometriosis (7.69%) were the major factors seen in the study.

Conclusions

Tuberculosis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the major factors seen in infertile women of low socioeconomic status thus, they should be kept high on the list of differential diagnosis even if the investigative work up is negative. Metrics

References

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