Dry Eye-Related Ocular Surface Assessment in a Pooled Endometriosis/Adenomyosis Cohort: A Real-World Case-Control Study

Matilde Buzzi, Aurora Tenti, Alberto Carnicci, Gennaro C, Carlo Gennaro, Davide Totaro, Totaro D, Volotovskaya M, Maria Volotovskaya, Maria Elisabetta Coccia, Fabrizio Giansanti, Gianni Virgili, Rita Mencucci
Diagnostics · 2026 · vol. 16(10) , pp. 1524 · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16101524 · PMID:42196890 · W7161608578
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This case-control study found that women with endometriosis or adenomyosis had significantly higher dry eye symptom scores and objectively poorer tear film stability and meibomian gland function compared to controls.

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: To explore potential dry eye-related ocular surface functional alterations in women at the time of first diagnosis of endometriosis or adenomyosis in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. Patients were evaluated at the time of initial diagnosis, prior to initiation of any hormonal therapy, to reflect real-world clinical conditions. Participants underwent a standardized ocular surface assessment comprising the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer test, and multimodal TearCheck® analysis, including Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (NIBUT), Tear Film Stability Evaluation (TFSE), Meibography, and Abortive Blinking®. Results: A total of 71 women were included: 41 with endometriosis or adenomyosis and 30 without known gynecological disease. Patients reported significantly higher OSDI scores than controls (p < 0.05). Objective testing demonstrated lower Schirmer values, reduced tear film stability, and more pronounced Meibomian gland dropout in the patient group (all p < 0.05). Differences were consistently observed across both subjective and objective parameters. Conclusions: Women with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis exhibited significantly altered ocular surface parameters compared with women without known gynecological disease. These findings suggest a possible association between gynecological disease and ocular surface dysfunction. Greater awareness of potential ocular involvement may encourage closer collaboration between gynecology and ophthalmology in the care of affected patients.

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Condition tags

endometriosisadenomyosis

Citation neighborhood

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. [ expand to 2 hops ] — adds papers reached through this work's immediate citers/citees. Heavier; up to 60 extra dots.

References (25)

SciLite annotations

chemicals 21
estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone progestin estrogen estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone estrogen estrogen lipid progestin lipid lipid estrogen progesterone estrogen
organisms 3
noordeloos 2009062 noordeloos 2009062 noordeloos 2009062

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