Diagnostics

Background/Objectives: Acromegaly is a systemic connective tissue disease driven by chronic growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess; yet, the female reproductive tract-especially the extracellular matrix (ECM)-ri…

Background: Predicting natural conception following surgical treatment remains a clinical challenge for endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory condition often associated with infertility. This study aimed to determine if simple, low-cost inf…

Background: The individual and social burden of endometriosis is high, and the diagnosis is usually delayed by 7-10 years. Menstrual effluent (ME) represents an accessible and uniquely informative biofluid. This systematic review evaluated …

Background and Clinical Significance: Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rare Müllerian duct anomaly that is frequently misdiagnosed as primary dysmenorrhea, resulting in delayed intervention and prev…

Background and Clinical Significance: A paratubal leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare benign smooth muscle tumor arising from paratubal tissue, with only sporadic cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present the case of a …

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is expressed on the plasma membrane of granulosa cells in the ovarian follicles. FSHR is involved in the development and maturation of Graafian follicles, along with granulosa proliferation and e…

Background: Women's health has historically served as an incubator for major medical innovations yet often faces relative neglect in sustained funding and implementation. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) pr…

Appendiceal intussusception is a rare condition characterized by the invagination of the appendix into the base of the cecum. In some cases, this condition can lead to obstruction, ischemia, and perforation. It is more common in elderly pat…

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a benign condition affecting up to 10% of women at reproductive age. The urinary tract is affected in 0.3–12.0% of women with endometriosis and in 19.0–53.0% of women with deep infiltrating endometrio…

Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare,…

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) encompasses a broad range of infection-induced inflammatory disorders of the female upper genital tract, commonly caused by ascending sexually transmitted infections. Diagnosis is often challenging because …

Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease linked to significant diagnostic challenges. Cadherin 12 (CDH12), as a member of adhesion molecules, is supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and therefore ca…

Endometriosis, traditionally viewed as a gynecological disorder, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease with significant cardiovascular implications. Recent studies suggest that women with endometriosis are at higher risk for deve…

Background/Objectives: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and endometriosis are debilitating conditions that share overlapping features of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, yet their epidemiological rel…

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting around 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition is associated with debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, d…

Background: Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder defined by the invagination of ectopic endometrial-like tissue into the myometrium, causing heavy menstrual bleeding and pain. While its pathogenesis remains unclear, shared-symptomology …

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis presents unique challenges due to the complexity of and variability in lesion appearances within the abdominal cavity. This study investigates the application of deep learning models for ob…

Background and Clinical Significance: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that can occasionally be associated with malignant transformation. The most common site of malignant transformation is the ovary, but there can also be ra…

The potential concurrence of uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis has been mentioned in several studies to date, but as co-existing entities, not as a sequence of pathologic events. This is the case of a young 31-year-old nulliparous patient p…

Background: Polypoid endometriosis is a rare variant of endometriosis that presents as a tumorous mass, making it difficult to differentiate it from a malignant tumor. It usually occurs in perimenopausal women or those undergoing hormone th…

Background and Clinical Significance: Paratubal Leydig cell nodules are rare incidental findings that present diagnostic challenges. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with…

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and to evaluate their impact on surgical decisio…

Objectives: Endometriosis is a common gynecologic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, often leading to pelvic pain and infertility. Diagnosis is frequently delayed, with prolonged diagnosti…

Background: Adenomyosis remains difficult to diagnose non-invasively due to clinical overlap with endometriosis and the limited specificity of imaging techniques. This pilot study evaluated whether serum- and urine-derived microRNA (miRNA) …

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) poses a multifaceted challenge in women's health, necessitating an integrated approach that addresses its diverse etiologies and clinical presentations. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetri…