Diagnosis and Management of Endometriosis
Endometriosis, characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causes pain and infertility, with diagnosis confirmed histologically and management tailored to symptoms and fertility plans.
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This chapter reviews the diagnosis and management of endometriosis, describing how the condition—aberrant endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus—affects up to 10% of reproductive-age women and is associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and/or infertility. It outlines high-level approaches in which diagnosis may be suggested by history and physical examination but requires histologic confirmation from surgical biopsy as the gold standard, while disease staging is based on intraoperative extent despite imperfect correlation with symptom severity. The chapter summarizes treatment options including pain management, hormonal suppression, and/or surgical intervention, emphasizing that treatment decisions must be individualized based on symptoms and future fertility plans. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on clinical diagnosis standards and an overview of management strategies.
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