Dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, adenomyosis: clinical and pathogenetic relationships
This review examines the prevalence, clinical relevance, and pathogenetic links between dysmenorrhea and gynecological conditions like endometriosis and adenomyosis.
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This review discusses dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age, distinguishing primary from secondary dysmenorrhea and summarizing epidemiology, risk factors, pain phenotypes, and proposed mechanisms, including increased prostaglandin synthesis, uterine hypercontractility, and impaired uterine blood flow. It reports that primary dysmenorrhea is often underrecognized, highlights associations with altered pain sensitivity and central nervous system changes, and notes that parity, oral contraceptives, and other factors are linked in the literature to risk reductions or symptom changes; a key caveat is that many comparisons are based on heterogeneous studies with varying diagnostic criteria, and the paper itself emphasizes that causal direction between pain sensitivity and dysmenorrhea remains unclear. It also summarizes evidence on symptom impact (quality of life, psychological distress, central sensitization) and reviews therapeutic evidence where data for some modalities are limited or uncertain. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
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Cited by (3)
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