Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

What was done? A review of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for the imaging of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. What was found? AI models can assist with the recognition, segmentation, and localization of uterine f…

As our understanding of chronic pain conditions, including endometriosis-related pain and chronic pelvic pain evolves, the evaluation and management of patients should reflect our increasing appreciation of the role of central sensitization…

Common benign gynecologic conditions such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are linked to chronic pelvic pain, abnormal and heavy uterine bleeding, and infertility. Effective medical management of these diseases is an unmet need. The st…

Dysmenorrhea is common in adolescents. Most have primary dysmenorrhea and respond to empiric treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or hormonal therapies. Infrequently, patients have persistent symptoms requiring further ev…

Infertility is estimated to affect about 10% to 15% of couples. Most cases of infertility have etiologies that can be attributed to tubal factors, ovulatory dysfunction, endometriosis, uterine factor, male factor, or diminished ovarian rese…

Epigenetic influences have been postulated to affect the course of endometriosis. DNA methyltransferases, estrogen and progesterone receptors, micro-RNAs, and histone deacetylators, have shown differential expression in endometriosis compar…

Endometriosis is common, affecting 5% to 10% of reproductive age women. Nearly half of women with surgical evidence of endometriosis fail to achieve spontaneous pregnancy. Surgical treatment of endometriosis can be detrimental to ovarian re…

Endometriosis is a condition with variable location, size, and lesion composition which poses a diagnostic imaging challenge for the practicing gynecologist. Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the most frequent imagi…

Endometriosis-associated cancers include clear cell and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. A history of endometriosis has long been considered to be a risk factor for later development of these malignancies; however, recent molecular genetic e…

Approximately 30% to 50% of women that have the diagnosis of endometriosis also struggle with infertility. Twenty five percent to 50% of women diagnosed with infertility also have endometriosis, but the endometriosis may not be severe enoug…

Endometriosis is a complex, puzzling disease in women of reproductive age. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, different genetic and environmental factors contribute to the evolution of the disorder. Further investigation ha…

Endometriosis and adenomyosis may be accurately diagnosed using ultrasound (US). Several findings are characteristic and various US modalities have been described. Recent development of 3-dimensional transvaginal US has resulted in a major …

Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that affects around 6% to 10% of reproductive age women. Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility are the most common presenting symptoms. The disease is characterized by estrogen-dependent gro…

Endometriosis is a common disease affecting reproductive age women. Pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with endometriosis. When medical therapy has failed or in known deeply infiltrating endometriosis, surgical management is…

Endometriosis is a chronic disease with the potential to cause devastating clinical manifestations such as infertility and chronic pelvic disease. Current treatment is limited to surgical intervention and pharmacologic therapy targeting est…

Care of the endometriosis patient today can be complex and difficult. Once medical management has been exhausted and symptoms persist patients desire further treatment options. This chapter takes an evidence-based approach at discussion of …

Transvaginal ultrasound is the first-line imaging test for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Transvaginal ultrasound can be used to diagnose structural causes of abnormal bleeding su…

Adnexal masses in children encompass a variety of lesions of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, including ovarian cysts and tumors (benign or malignant), fallopian tube cysts and abscesses, paratubal cysts, and endometriomas. When developing …

A variety of mass lesions may affect the vulva. These may be non-neoplastic, or represent benign or malignant neoplasms. A review of benign mass lesions and neoplasms of the vulva is presented.

Endometriomas are common in reproductive-aged women, but controversy exists regarding their management. PubMed was searched to identify pertinent studies on outcomes of medical and surgical management of endometrioma, with focus on randomiz…

This review discusses multiple cutaneous malignancies that can present on the perineum. Although all of these neoplasms are uncommon, a focus will be on the more common neoplasms including extramammary Paget disease, basal cell carcinoma, s…

An "adnexal mass" is a common specimen encountered in the daily pathology practice. Although most are benign, the incidence of malignancy increases with age, and approximately 30% are malignant in postmenopausal females. Herein we describe …

Hysterectomy remains one the most common procedures performed in North America. Because of a better understanding of a wide array of disease states and with emerging, more focused minimally invasive treatment options, a relative decline has…

Little is known regarding the early aspects of ovarian carcinogenesis. As a consequence, the identification of women at risk for the disease is based primarily on clinical grounds, with family history being the most important risk factor. I…