Journal of clinical pathology

AimsTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is prognostically and therapeutically heterogeneous. The mitotic activity index (MAI) and fibrotic focus (FF) have been established as predictors in non-TNBC but not in TNBC. Late distant metastases …

AIMS: Secondary mucosal colonisation by a carcinoma originating from a distant site is a pattern of metastasis to the intestines and hepatobiliary tract and a mimic of primary neoplasia. Although endometriosis is considered benign, its abil…

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains the most common female reproductive endocrine disorder. Genetic studies have predominantly focused on the role of the nuclear genome, while the contribution of mitochondrial genetics in PCO…

AIMS: Florid mesothelial hyperplasia is known to result from endometriosis. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma and multiloculated peritoneal inclusion cysts have also been described in women with endometriosis. To our knowledge, per…

Inguinal endometriosis (IE) secondary to involvement of the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament is a rare condition, occurring in <1% of patients with endometriosis. It is often confused with other inguinal pathology and mostly di…

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterised by fibrofolliculomas, renal tumours, pulmonary cysts and pneumothorax. The pulmonary cysts and repeated episodes of pneumothorax are the clinical hallma…

The hernia sac is a common surgical pathology specimen which can occasionally yield unexpected diagnoses. The College of American Pathologists recommends microscopic examination of abdominal hernias, but leaves submission of inguinal hernia…

AIMS: To describe the clinicopathological features of florid peritoneal mesothelial hyperplasia associated with gynaecological disease. METHODS: Review of a series of 44 cases where there was significant peritoneal mesothelial proliferation…

A 27-year-old nulliparous woman presented with large finger-like projections protruding from her vagina. Intraoperatively there were deposits in the pouch of Douglas. Clinical presentation and history of vaginal bleeding suggested malignanc…

AIMS: It is generally considered that an unequivocal histological diagnosis of endometriosis requires the presence of endometrioid-type glands and endometrioid-type stroma. However, small nodules or plaques of endometrioid-type stroma witho…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis depends on oestrogenic stimulation for its continued growth, accounting for its prevalence during reproductive years. There is doubt among clinicians regarding its existence in postmenopausal women in the absence o…

A case in which an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix and an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour of intermediate differentiation occurred in a 13-year-old girl is described. Although initially considered as a chance association, a revi…

Prostate cancer is a major public health problem throughout the developed world. For patients with clinically localised prostate cancer, the diagnosis is typically established by histopathological examination of prostate needle biopsy sampl…

An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides) of the cervix occurring in a 30-year-old woman is described. In addition to typical areas of the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, including cartilaginous elements, the neoplasm was characterised…

Endometrial stromal tumours (ESTs) are diagnosed in most instances by light microscopy. Often, the greatest challenge is to distinguish between the different subtypes of these tumours. Furthermore, a handful of new or relatively new entitie…

Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas (OCCAs) account for <5% of all ovarian malignancies. Compared to other epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) subtypes, when at an advanced stage, they are associated with a poorer prognosis and are relatively re…

A major proportion of the workload in many histopathology laboratories is accounted for by endometrial biopsies, either curettage specimens or outpatient biopsy specimens. The increasing use of pipelle and other methods of biopsy not necess…

AimsThe presence of granulomas within the stroma of carcinomas and in the lymph nodes draining carcinomas has been well described. To date, however, there have been few studies examining the occurrence and relevance of necrobiotic granuloma…

This report describes the case of an asymptomatic, solitary splenotic nodule in the right ovary, revealed incidentally at histopathological examination. In gynaecological patients, splenosis most often presents as multiple pelvic nodules mi…

The products of the two mammalian Axin genes (Axin1 and its homologue Axin2) are essential for the degradation of beta catenin, a component of Wnt signalling that is frequently dysregulated in cancer cells. Axin is a multidomain scaffold pr…

BackgroundCA125 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein, which is expressed by a large proportion of epithelial ovarian cancers. The sensitivity and specificity of CA125 are poor and there are no guidelines produced by the Royal College of …

AimsTo determine the frequency and pattern of Hep Par 1 expression in cervical carcinomas of various histological types and to correlate expression with prognostic parameters.MethodsTwenty nine cervical carcinomas were analysed for tumour t…

Indeterminate colitis (IC) originally referred to those 10-15% of cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which there was difficulty distinguishing between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in the colectomy specimen. How…

AIMS: To describe six cases seen in consultation in which artefactual vascular involvement within the ovary by benign granulosa cells caused diagnostic confusion. METHODS/RESULTS: In five cases, the initial favoured diagnoses of the submit…