The Yale journal of biology and medicine

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of promiscuous enzymes that have been chiseled by evolution to act as catalysts for numerous regulatory pathways in humans. However, they have not lost their promiscuity in the process, essentia…

Joint hypermobility syndromes, particularly chronic pain associated with this condition, including Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD), present diagnostic challenges due to their multifactori…

The thyroid is not necessary to sustain life. However, thyroid hormones (TH) strongly affect the human body. Functioning of the thyroid gland affects the reproductive capabilities of women and men, as well as fertilization and maintaining a…

Endometriosis, despite only affecting 10-15% of women of fertile age, is still an enigmatic disease. Recent developments in assisted reproductive technology have contributed to a better understanding of where and how endometriosis could com…

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been recognized for its success in treating infertility, a condition that affects 15 percent of couples in the United States. The most popular option is in vitro fertilization (IVF), which relies o…

We are reporting a rare case of de novo ovarian abscess in an endometrioma. Ovarian abscess within an endometrioma is a rare gynecological problem, but de novo abscess in the endometrioma is even rarer. Most of the ovarian abscesses develop…

Tian Xu is professor and vice chairman of Genetics at Yale University and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. His lab is working to understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis using Drosophila and mouse models. Not…

A patient presented with deep venous thrombosis and an elevated CA-125 level, but normal pelvic ultrasound and abdominal and pelvic CT scans. Laparoscopy revealed diffuse carcinomatosis and a diagnosis of stage IIIc, poorly differentiated e…

Reproductive potential in women declines with age. Age-related changes in the ovary account for most of this loss of reproductive function. Oocytes, all of which are present at birth, decline in number and quality with age. The endocrine fu…

Minimally invasive therapy aims to minimize the trauma of any interventional process but still achieve a satisfactory therapeutic result. The development of "critical pathways," rapid mobilization and early feeding have contributed towards …

Ovarian cancer has received national attention as a highly virulent disease. Its lack of early warning symptoms and the failure to develop highly sensitive screening tests have led some physicians to recommend prophylactic oophorectomies to…

Eighty-four women at high risk for ovarian cancer by having first-degree relatives with epithelial ovarian cancer participated in a newly established, early ovarian cancer detection program at Yale University. Participants were to be evalua…

The management of certain ovarian cysts has evolved from the traditional and often quite radical surgical approach to a more conservative approach. Much of this change can be attributed to the improvement in laparoscopic surgical technique.…

Borderline ovarian tumors have an excellent prognosis. In stage I disease, no therapy in addition to surgery is needed, and conservation of ovarian tissue for future childbearing may be appropriate. In advanced stages, the use of adjuvant t…

Histologic and clinical characteristics associated with rapidly progressive invasive cervical cancer are presented in this preliminary report from a population-based study involving all patients in Connecticut diagnosed with cervical cancer…

UGF is a small peptide present in the urines and tissues of patients with gynecologic cancers. Published research (which, at present, mainly comes from our laboratory) on the general application of UGF as a tumor marker, and on its use in t…

The in vitro fertilization process breaks down into three essential components: induction of ovulation, fertilization of the oocyte, and development of embryos that are transferred into the uterus. Problems may arise resulting in failure at…

The cervicovaginal and endometrial isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis and relevant demographic data were obtained at the time of laparoscopy in 193 women from infertile marriage. For comparative purposes, ferti…

LHRH and its analogues produce profound antireproductive effects in both sexes of a variety of animal species. Although the LHRH agonists induce gonadotropin release, gonadal steroid secretion, ovulation, and spermatogenesis as an expressio…