BMC pregnancy and childbirth

BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), various risk factors for ASD have been identified. Among them, maternal immune activation (MIA), which can be triggered by inflammation via elevated proinflammator…

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous abortion has been associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while the evidence remains equivocal. This study aimed to examine the association between spon…

BACKGROUND: Women with poor ovarian response (POR) tended to have lower success rates for IVF/ICSI due to fewer oocytes retrieved. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed to improve ovarian response. METHOD: This study aime…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and maternal and fetal outcomes of intraperitoneal hemorrhage in mid- to late-term pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 9 patie…

BACKGROUND: To determine whether the combination of vaginal progesterone and cervical pessary initiated during the second trimester reduces the incidence of preterm birth and enhance neonatal outcomes among women diagnosed with singleton pr…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the different characteristics and maternal-neonatal outcomes of twin and singleton pregnancies complicated by placenta accrete spectrum (PAS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 783 singleton and 10…

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the pregnancy, prenatal, and postnatal outcomes between fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles at Al-Zahra Referral Women's Hospital in northwest Iran. …

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is critical in overall health, particularly during pregnancy, as it supports a healthy pregnancy and promotes proper fetal development. This study examined the link between parental 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) defici…

CAPSULE: The gestational age at fetal reduction had no effect on pregnancy outcome when reduction was performed before 17 + 4 weeks. After 17 + 4 weeks, the later the fetal reduction was done, the earlier the delivery and lower the birthwei…

BACKGROUND: The weekend effect is a controversial epidemiological phenomenon that has rarely been reported in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) setting, particularly among first-cycle fresh embryo transfer (ET) populations undergoi…

BACKGROUND: The increasing global rate of cesarean sections (CS) has raised concern about associated long-term complications, particularly uterine scar niches. A niche represents a localized myometrial defect at the hysterotomy site, which …

BACKGROUND: It is ambiguous whether the multiple COS with supraphysiologic hormonal doses impact ovarian reserve functions or pregnancy outcomes. The aim is to explore the effect of multiple COS during ART on ovarian reserve function and cl…

BACKGROUND: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) effectively treats infertility yet often results in multiple pregnancies. Optimizing clinical pregnancy rates while minimizing multiples remains challenging. Key considerations for ART prov…

INTRODUCTION: Prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in the regulation of reproductive functions. However, its impact on outcomes in infertility women undergoing assisted reproductive technology remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the re…

BACKGROUND: The echo pattern constitutes an ultrasonic index that reflects the characteristics of the endometrium across various phases of the menstrual cycle. However, consensus of endometrial echo pattern and pregnancy outcomes is lacking…

PURPOSE: To compare pregnancy outcomes of four endometrial preparation methods prior to frozen embryo transfer (FET). METHODS: A total of 3,030 programmed cycles were analyzed: 302 with natural cycle (NC), 131 with ovulation induction (OI)…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis and its association with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes have recently drawn attention, pointing to increased risks of repeated caesarean sections, the occurrence of preterm births, and stillbirths. PATIE…

BACKGROUND: The risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is known to increase with assisted reproductive technology (ART), but the specific risk factors are unclear. METHODS: We screened 6872 cycles for clinical data that met our study's inclusion c…

BACKGROUND: The rising trend of cesarean sections worldwide has resulted in an increased incidence of uterine niches, a cavity formed at the cesarean scar site due to impaired tissue healing. Secondary infertility in women with uterine nich…

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggested that immune factors may play critical roles in female infertility, but their causal links remain unclear. To address this gap, this study employs the Mendelian randomization (MR) to delineate the causa…

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to examine the influence of hormonal and metabolic parameters across varying body mass index (BMI) levels on embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycles using assisted rep…

OBJECTIVE: To develop a predictive tool in the form of a Nomogram based on the Cox regression model, which incorporates the impact of the length of treatment cycles on the outcome of live birth, to evaluate the probability of infertile coup…

BACKGROUND: Limited clinical research has focused on women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). We aim to investigate the kidney outcome and the adverse pregnancy-related outcomes of CKD women…

BACKGROUND: Few studies have analyzed the endometrial preparation protocols for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This study aimed to investigate the optimal protocol f…

BACKGROUND: To describe the evolution and outcomes of protocol-orientated multidisciplinary quality improvement for clinically confirmed placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders mainly receiving uterine preservation. METHODS: This single-…