Giovanni Grandi

BackgroundEstrogens are fundamental to bone health, exerting life-long effects onbone metabolism. They regulate skeletal growth and maturation during adolescence andmaintain bone remodeling in adulthood. The decline in estrogen levels durin…

BackgroundNorgestimate (NGM) is a progestin with negligible androgenic activity that is available in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE) as a monophasic combined oral contraceptive (COC). It has been more than 30 years since a clinical …

Endometriosis is a common, chronic disease with a high burden for women, characterised by the implantation of endometrial cells outside the uterus. Many different treatments have been proposed for this disease, mainly hormonal, with the obj…

Migraine affects women three times more often than it does men, and various mechanisms may explain this incidence, including the key role of female sex hormones. Fluctuations in the levels of these hormones and their feedback control regula…

BACKGROUND: This is the first report aimed to evaluate the clinical impact and safety of sequential treatment with relugolix combination therapy (relugolix CT) in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids that were inadequately managed with 5…

ObjectiveLynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition associated with an increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of women with LS regarding combined hormonal con…

INTRODUCTION: In ovarian steroid-dependent diseases such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis and adenomyosis, oral GnRH antagonists have emerged as new therapeutic alternatives. These oral GnRH antagonists offer key advantages, including ora…

OBJECTIVES: Some plants, such as Dioscorea Villosa (DV), Vitex Agnus Castus (VAC) and Turnera diffusa (D) have some 'progesterone-like' properties. We have investigated their simultaneous administration in breast cancer (BC) survivors or ca…

Climacteric is by no means in itself a contraindication to safe contraception. On the contrary, there are several conditions related to the perimenopause that could benefit from the use of modern contraceptives, mainly hormonal, with the go…

Background: In young women, combined hormonal contraceptives can ameliorate menstrual pain and reduce menstrual loss, but their efficacy in adenomyosis has not been proven. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound feature…

OBJECTIVE: Current research informations fail to adequately inform about when levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) 52 mg is used instead of other lower dose LNG-IUSs (13.5 and 19.5 mg) and other long-acting reversible cont…

OBJECTIVES: A significant reduction in CA 125 postoperative serum levels was observed after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA mutation carriers. In contrast to previous studies, where control groups were absent, we conducte…

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a chronic benign estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometriotic glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Although combined hormonal contraceptives and progestins, currently avai…

KEYWORDS: Endometriosisestrogen biosynthesisAKR1C3steroid sulphatase17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1aromatase inhibitors

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review was carried out of studies of women with endometriosis, to examine the evidence for efficacy of the use of hormonal contraception to improve disease-related pain and decrease postoperative risk of disease recu…

INTRODUCTION: The availability and use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as levonorgestrel intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSs), have increased in recent times. AREAS COVERED: The authors provide a narrative review of the LN…

Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease and nuclear receptors play a crucial role in mediating the inflammatory response. In endometrial stromal cells (ESC), nuclear receptors expression can be influenced by the local environment. Progesti…

Background: Adenomyosis is a disease of the uterus characterized by invasion of endometrial cells within the myometrium. Adenomyosis is typically confined to the uterus, with no distant localizations. This article reports on a case of adeno…

STUDY QUESTION: What are the effects of dienogest (DNG) on midkine (MK) production in women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER: DNG-mediated down-regulation of MK in vivo and in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: DNG is an oral progestin that al…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on ovarian reserve and blood flow of unilateral laparoscopic stripping of endometriotic versus non-endometriotic cysts. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary university gynecology uni…

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterised by the growth of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells outside the uterus creating a chronic inflammatory environment that further contributes to disease progression. The first…

INTRODUCTION: Is the replacement of ethinyl-estradiol (EE) with estradiol (E2) in combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) associated with fewer metabolic effects, leading to a further improvement on safety of hormonal contraceptives? AREAS …

PROBLEM: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease. Progestins are a first-line treatment for endometriosis via activation of pituitary progesterone receptors and suppression of systemic estrogen: a less than optimal treat…

STUDY QUESTION: Can the activity of the IκB kinase (IKKβ) complex in endometriotic cells contribute to endometriotic lesion survival? SUMMARY ANSWER: There is a constitutive activity of the IKKβ catalytic complex in peritoneal and deeply in…

Objective and designA systematic review of all literature was done to assess the ability of the progestin dienogest (DNG) to influence the inflammatory response of endometriotic cells.Main outcome measuresIn vitro and in vivo studies report…