Grzegorz Polak

Numerous abnormalities of the endometriosis eutopic endometrium contribute to the initiation and development of ectopic lesions. It is also believed that among the complex causes of the disease, systemic immunological disorders play a signi…

Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy is one of the therapeutic approaches for endometrioma treatment. Similarly, as other treatment options, this method for endometrioma management is associated with risk of endometrioma rec…

OBJECTIVES: Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic gynecological condition resulting in infertility, and severe pain that strongly deteriorates patients' quality of life. In addition to surgery and pharmacotherapy, there are also other method…

Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy is one of the methods for ovarian endometrioma treatment. It involves aspiration of the cyst content and subsequent administration of some fibrosis agent. This minimally invasive procedur…

Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations. Since the treatment options for this disease are still limited, and the cure rate is unsatisfactory, the search …

The most common manifestation of endometriosis, a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, is the endometrioma, a cystic ovarian lesion. It is a commonly occurring condition associated with c…

Endometriosis in half of affected women is closely related to problems with fertility. Endometriosis-associated infertility is caused by a wide range of abnormalities affecting the female reproductive tract, from oocyte quality impairment t…

Progesteron jest hormonem niezbędnym do przemiany wydzielniczej endometrium, warunkującej implantację zarodka i utrzymanie wczesnej ciąży. Wsparcie fazy lutealnej gestagenami po transferze zarodka jest jednym z etapów procedury zapłodnienia…

Endometriosis, as a chronic disorder that is a source of severe pain ailments and infertility, requires a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Sclerotherapy, consisting of the administration of sclerosing agents into the cyst, is a constantl…

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing pain and infertility. Despite the rather unclear etiopathogenesis, recent studies suggest the invol…

Immune system dysregulation is clinically evident in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EMS). Changes in the dendritic cells (DCs) activity or phenotype may be involved in the implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus…

Abstract Study question We aim to determine the percentages of CD25-positive and CD69-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood of endometriosis (EMS) patients. Summary answer Higher percentages of lymphocytes expressing CD69 and CD25 marker…

Endometriosis is a common condition associated with debilitating pelvic pain and infertility. A genome-wide association study meta-analysis, including 60,674 cases and 701,926 controls of European and East Asian descent, identified 42 genom…

The interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells mediated by the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) pathway is the most important point in regulating immunol…

Altered immune mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. CTLA-4 is a membrane receptor that favors the anergic state of lymphocytes, which may disrupt the immune system response in the endometriotic environment. In thi…

Endometriosis is a common disease, affecting up to 60-80% of women, with pelvic pain or/and infertility. Despite years of studies, its pathogenesis still remains enigmatic. Genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors may…

OBJECTIVES: The presence of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity affects about 10% of women of childbearing age. Studies of the progression of endometriosis to cancer have been supported by numerous evidences of gene expression or gen…

The causes of endometriosis (EMS) remain unknown; however, a number of immunological abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The cluster of differentiation-200 (CD200) and its receptor (CD200R) maintain peripheral self-…

The cause of endometriosis remains unknown. However, studies investigating the link between this condition and the immune system revealed several immunological abnormalities focused on cell-mediated immunity. As a major immune checkpoint, p…

Endometrioza diagnozowana jest u okoo 5-10% kobiet w wieku rozrodczym i charakteryzuje si wystpowaniem tkanki endometrium poza jam macicy. Przemieszczone komrki endometrium maj zdolno naciekania okolicznych tkanek i odlegych narzdw, co prow…

INTRODUCTION: Data on the possible role of peritoneal fluid free radical-mediated oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of endometriosis still remains inconsistent. The aim of the study was to determine iron metabolism markers and their infl…

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disease, associated with severe pelvic pain and reduced fertility; however, molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are able to identify genetic…

Endometriosis is a chronic, benign disease that affects women in their reproductive age. Still it has many common features with cancerous diseases. Numerous researchers have proved the undisputed connection between endometriosis and ovarian…

OBJECTIVES: Most investigators agree that endometriosis is associated with a state of subclinical, non-infectious peritoneal inflammation. The objective of the study was to assess concentrations of two markers of the acute inflammatory phas…