International journal of molecular sciences

Adipose tissue is now recognized as a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic organ rather than a passive lipid reservoir. Beyond the classical white, brown, and beige adipocytes, several depot- and organ-specific lipid-storing cell populatio…

Steroid hormones exert diverse and tissue-specific biological effects despite sharing a conserved tetracyclic scaffold. Among these, anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) present a longstanding paradox: structurally related compounds can elici…

Unexplained infertility (UI) accounts for an estimated 15-30% of infertility but its biological basis remains poorly defined. Plasma haemostatic abnormalities have been implicated in recurrent pregnancy loss; however, whether the circulatin…

Unexplained infertility affects up to 30% of couples and has been associated with heat shock proteins (HSP) and endometrial stress. HSPs and their co-chaperones are part of a complex network of proteins responsible for maintaining protein h…

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structure that regulates the exchange of substances between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS), thereby protecting this environment. An increase in BBB permeability may lead to…

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriages represent a significant reproductive challenge, often associated with inherited thrombophilia. Among the genetic factors involved, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms have been i…

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication by transporting microRNAs, proteins, and lipids. Generated through Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent mechanisms or ESCRT…

Infertility is a prevalent clinical issue which disrupts normal human life and exerts an impact on fertility rates within the population. The increase in environmental pollutants, including acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), has given rise to …

Chronic pain is inherently multifactorial, with biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to neuropathic pain (NP) and central sensitization (CS) syndromes. Comorbidity between functional disorders and the lack of clinical …

Alchemilla alpina L. (Rosaceae), belongs to a genus well recognized in traditional medicine for treating gynecological disorders and hormonal imbalance; however, the specific bioactivity of A. alpina itself remains poorly characterized. Thi…

Female infertility affects millions of women worldwide and is frequently caused by ovulatory disorders and uterine pathologies. Among these, endometrial abnormalities play a central role, especially in cases of embryo implantation failure d…

This review aims to evaluate the potential of endometriosis models, especially patient-derived iPSC models, to gain deeper insights into the disease, thereby advancing our understanding and treatment of endometriosis. This comprehensive nar…

Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and coffee, with preclinical evidence demonstrating its important role in disease management through different mechanisms of action. This review aimed to explore…

Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and characterized by ectopic endometrial-like tissue growth. Although traditionally considered a benign gynecologica…

Infertility and ovarian ageing are increasingly acknowledged as illnesses affected not just by endocrine decline but also by chronic inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the reproductive milieu. The cGAS-STING signalling pat…

IBD pathogenesis is underpinned by an imbalance between excess inflammation caused by effector T-cells and inadequate suppression by regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a potent, anti-inflammatory cytokine that signals via…

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly their phenotypically distinct subpopulations, are critical for the establishment of maternal immune tolerance during embryo implantation. Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, impla…

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by almost all cell types into the extracellular space, acting as important mediators of intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids h…

To characterize the distinct expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum and tissue and to delineate the heterogeneity of their regulatory mechanisms in early-stage ovarian cancer (EOC), thereby identifying candidate biomarkers for n…

Endometriosis (EDT) is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, pelvic pain, and infertility. Current therapies show limited long-term efficacy and adverse effects, underscoring the need for novel thera…

Endometriosis (EMT) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory disorder in the female reproductive system, posing significant challenges to global women's health. Necrosis by Sodium Overload (NESCO) is a novel immunogenic programmed cell de…

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas that initiates a cascade of inflammation, which can cause pancreatic damage or spread to other organs. The severity of AP ranges from mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) to seve…

Endometriosis is associated with oxidative stress and debilitating symptoms, yet its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, and current treatments are still limited. In this study, oxidative stress responses were compared in 2D an…