Hiroshi Kobayashi

The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing worldwide, with a particularly marked rise in early-onset cases. Modern environmental and lifestyle factors, including low parity, delayed childbirth, obesity, insulin resistance, and chroni…

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis and is a major cause of pelvic pain and infertility. Recent studies have reported dysregulated expression of p16INK4a, a canonical cellular se…

Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder characterized by substantial heterogeneity in lesion distribution, symptom presentation, disease severity, and reproductive impact, which limits the effectiveness of uniform treatment strategies…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age characterized by a spectrum of clinical, metabolic, reproductive, and psychological abnormalities. This syndrome is associated with signific…

AimTissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a preoperative biomarker that was developed to discriminate ovarian benign tumors from cancer and is covered by health insurance in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the TFP…

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial cells that evade apoptosis and survive and proliferate under harsh environmental conditions. It is closely associated with infertility and pregnancy-rel…

Socioeconomic factors have led an increasing number of women to postpone childbirth, thereby elevating the risks of reduced fertility, pregnancy complications, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and chromosomal abnormalities. While diminishe…

AIM: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition characterized by persistent inflammation and frequently associated with dysmenorrhea and infertility. The success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in individuals with end…

The endometrium is essential for reproductive function, supporting implantation and pregnancy through mechanisms such as hormonal responsiveness, immune regulation, and tissue regeneration. Aging disrupts these processes, with cellular sene…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and exhibits tumor-like characteristics such as invasion, recurrence, and hormone-dependent proliferation despite its b…

The efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in older women remains constrained, largely due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on age-associa…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition, with symptoms including pain and infertility. Regurgitated endometrial cells into the peritoneal cavity encounter hypoxia and nutrient starvation. Endometriotic cells have evolv…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is a well-known type of cancer that arises from ovarian endometrioma (OE). OE contains iron-rich fluid in its cysts due to repeated hemorrhages in the ovaries. However, distinguishi…

BACKGROUND: Numerous efforts have been undertaken to identify biomarkers associated with embryo and oocyte quality to improve the success rate of in vitro fertilization. Metabolomics has gained traction for its ability to detect dynamic bio…

AIM: The increasing incidence of cesarean sections has led to a higher prevalence of cesarean scar defects (CSDs), predominantly characterized by postmenstrual bleeding in affected women. CSD manifests in various forms, including isolated m…

AIM: Endometriosis is a complex, multifactorial disease. Recent advances in molecular biology underscore that somatic mutations within the epithelial component of the normal endometrium, alongside aberrant epigenetic alterations within endo…

It is considered that the etiology of endometriosis is retrograde menstruation of endometrial tissue. Although shed endometrial cells are constantly exposed to a challenging environment with iron overload, oxidative stress and hypoxia, a fe…

Cancer cells adapt to environmental changes and alter their metabolic pathways to promote survival and proliferation. Metabolic reprogramming not only allows tumor cells to maintain a reduction-oxidation balance by rewiring resources for su…

Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that affects women of reproductive age. Although malignant transformation of endometriosis is rare, physicians must be aware of this due to the high incidence of clear cell carcinoma of the ov…

BACKGROUND: To date, the development of therapy for endometriosis and disease-related infertility remains a major challenge. Iron overload caused by periodic bleeding is a hallmark of endometriosis. Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipid-reactiv…

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecologic condition that can cause pain symptoms, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Several treatments, including hormonal therapy, can improve patients' quality of life through al…

Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecologic disease characterized by the myometrial invasion of the endometrial tissue. This review summarized the current understanding and recent findings on the pathophysiology of adenomyosis, focusin…

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and is associated with an inflammatory immune response. The gut and reproductive tract microbiota constitute a protective barrier against infection…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial cells outside of the uterine cavity. Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age and significantly reduces their quality of l…

AIM: Endometriosis is a chronic disease of reproductive age, associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriotic cells adapt to changing environments such as oxidative stress and hypoxia in order to survive. However, the underlying m…