Magnetic resonance imaging in pelvic endometriosis with surgical correlation: a pictorial review

Magnetic resonance imaging in pelvic endometriosis with surgical correlation: a pictorial review DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20233327Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging, Pelvic endometriosis, Endometriosis surgeryAbstract Endometriosis is a common gynaecological problem, primarily affecting women of reproductive age. Most common site of endometriosis is ovaries. Extra ovarian sites include uterine ligaments, fallopian tubes, rectosigmoid, laparotomy or C-section scars and urinary bladder. There can be formation of ovarian endometriotic cysts or deep infiltrating endometriosis. The role of MRI is in the evaluation of deep or more complex disease as it enables a large field of view, superior contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities as compared to ultrasound. In this article, we are describing MRI imaging appearances of endometriomas and deep pelvic endometriosis in the form of a pictorial essay. Metrics References Luciano DE, Luciano AA. Management of endometriosis-related pain: an update. Women Health. 2011;7(5):585-90. Jensen JR, Coddington CC. Evolving spectrum: the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53(2):379-88. Olive DL, Schwartz LB. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(24):1759-69. Choudhary S, Fasih N, Papadatos D, Surabhi VR. Unusual imaging appearances of endometriosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:1632-44. Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, Mezzetti TP. Endometriosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2001;21(1):193-216. Glastonbury CM. The shading sign. Radiology. 2002;224(1):199-201. Quesada J, Härmä K, Reid S, Rao T, Lo G, Yang N, et al. Endometriosis: A multimodal imaging review. Eur J Radiol. 2022:110610. Bazot M, Daraï E. Diagnosis of deep endometriosis: clinical examination, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other techniques. Fertil Steril. 2017;108(6):886-94. Del Frate C, Girometti R, Pittino M, Del Frate G, Bazzocchi M, Zuiani C. Deep retroperitoneal pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging appearance with laparoscopic correlation. Radio Graphics. 2006;26(6):1700-18. Le Tohic A, Chis C, Yazbeck C, Koskas M, Madelenat P, Panel P. Bladder endometriosis: diagnosis and treat-ment-a series of 24 patients. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2009;37(3):216-21. Gutiérrez A, Spagnolo E, Hidalgo P, López A, Zapardiel I, Rodriguez R. Magnetic resonance imaging versus transvaginal ultrasound for complete survey of the pelvic compartments among patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Int J Gynecol Obstetr. 2019;146(3):380-5. Kido A, Himoto Y, Moribata Y, Kurata Y, Nakamoto Y. MRI in the diagnosis of endometriosis and related diseases. Kor J Radiol. 2022;23(4):426. Guerriero S, Ajossa S, Minguez JA, Jurado M, Mais V, Melis GB, et al. Accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of deep endometriosis in uterosacral ligaments, rectovaginal septum, vagina and bladder: systematic review and meta‐analysis. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol. 2015;46(5):534-45. Bordonné C, Puntonet J, Maitrot-Mantelet L, Bourdon M, Marcellin L, Dion E, et al. Imaging for evaluation of endometriosis and adenomyosis. Minerva Obstetr Gynecol. 2021;73(3):290-303. Bazot M, Darai E, Hourani R, Thomassin I, Cortez A, Uzan S, Buy JN. Deep pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging for diagnosis and prediction of extension of disease. Radiology. 2004;232(2):379-89. Collins BG, Ankola A, Gola S, McGillen KL. Transvaginal US of endometriosis: looking beyond the endometrioma with a dedicated protocol. Radiographics. 2019;39(5):1549-68. Foti PV, Farina R, Palmucci S, Vizzini IA, Libertini N, Coronella M, et al. Endometriosis: clinical features, MR imaging findings and pathologic correlation. Insights Imag. 2018;9:149-72. Siegelman ES, Oliver ER. MR imaging of endometriosis: ten imaging pearls. Radiographics. 2012;32(6):1675-91. Samartzis EP, Labidi-Galy SI, Moschetta M, Uccello M, Kalaitzopoulos DR, Perez-Fidalgo JA, et al. Endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas: Insights into pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets-a narrative review. Ann Translat Med. 2020;8(24). Kovač JD, Terzić M, Mirković M, Banko B, Đikić-Rom A, Maksimović R. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary: MRI findings with emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of ovarian tumors. Acta Radiologica. 2016;57(6):758-66.